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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ACHES acronym
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Abdominal Pain
Chest Pain (Shortness of Breath) Headaches (Sudden of persistent) Eye Problems (CVA or increase in BP) Severe Leg Pain (Thromboembolic incident) |
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BRAIDED acronym
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B- Benefits/Advantages
R-Risks/Disadvantages A- Alternatives/Other methods available I-Inquiries/ Allow time for questions D-Decisions/opportunity to decide or change mind E-Explanation/about method/how to use D-Documentation /everything taught |
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Priaprism
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a potentially painful medical condition in which the erect penis does not return to its flaccid state, despite the absence of both physical and psychological stimulation, within four hours.
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Estrogen
therapeutic uses, routes of administration, adverse effects, contraindications and nursing considerations |
•contraception, menopausal hormone therapy, female hypogonadism, and acne control.
•oral, transdermal, intravaginal, and parenteral. •nausea, endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma, cardiovascular events, abnormal vaginal bleeding, reduced glucose tolerance, and HTN. •estrogen-dependant cancers, undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, thromboembolic disorders. •Assess for health history, Promote adherence |
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Non-reproductive actions of Estrogen.
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•They antagonize the effects of the parathyroid hormone, minimizing the loss of calcium from bones and thus helping to keep bones strong.
•They promote blood clotting. •Increases endothelial vasodilator function. •Promotes angiogenesis. |
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Benefits of Hormone Replacement Therapy
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•Suppresses vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes)
•Prevents urogenital atrophy •Prevents osteoporosis and related fractures •Prevents colorectal cancer •Improves quality of life |
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Risks of Hormone Replacement Therapy
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•Cardiovascular risk
•Endometrial, ovarian, breast, and lung cancer. •Gallbladder disease. •Dementia •Urinary incontinence. |
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Progestins:
therapeutic uses, routes of administration, adverse effects, contraindications and nursing considerations |
◦Noncontraceptive: Menopausal Hormone Therapy- to counteract the adverse effects of estrogen on the endometrium in women undergoing hormone therapy (HT)
◦Contraceptive: Progestin-only oral contraceptives -Oral •Too much- breast tenderness, headaches, fatigue, changes in mood, acne. Too little- late breakthrough bleeding •Pregnant, hx of smoking, thromboembolic disorders, diabetes, hx of cancer -May cause increase in LDL concentration, assess compliance, educate about missing doses. |
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Oral Combined Contraceptives
Mechanism of Action |
-The estrogen suppresses the release of FSH from the pituitary and the progestin acts in the hypothalamus and pituitary to suppress the midcycle LH surge which normally triggers ovulation. -Secondary mechanism includes thickening of the cervical mucus and altering the endometrium making it less hospitable for implantation.
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Progestin Only Contraceptive
Mechanism of Action |
-acts in the hypothalamus and pituitary to suppress the midcycle LH surge which normally triggers ovulation.
-Secondary mechanism includes thickening of the cervical mucus and altering the endometrium making it less hospitable for implantation. |
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Risks of Hormonal Contraceptives
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•Thrombosis.
•Not a 100% guarantee. •Can cause breakthrough bleeding. •Can elevate plasma glucose levels. •Some may cause a risk for hyperkalemia. •Effectiveness can be reduced by agents that induce hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes. •It can reduce the effects of warfarin, insulin, and oral hypoglycemics. |
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Benefits of Hormonal Contraceptives
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•You don’t have an unwanted or unplanned pregnancy.
•Helps treat acne. •Decreases the risk of ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cysts, pelvic inflammatory disease, benign breast disease, iron deficiency disease. •Reduces cramps. •Menstrual flow is decreased in volume and duration. •Meses are more predictable. •May even benefit women with rheumatoid arthritis. |
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Contraindications of Hormonal Contraceptives
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•Women who smoke that are over the age of 35.
•Thromboembolic disorders, cerebral vascular disease, coronary disease, or a past history of these conditions. •Abnormal liver function. •Known or suspected breast cancer. •Undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding. •Known or suspected pregnancy. •Hypertension. •Cardiac disease. •Diabetes. •History of cholestatic jaundice of pregnancy. •Gallbladder disease. •Uterine leiomyoma. •Epilepsy. •Migraine. |
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Oxytocin/Pitocin
mechanism of action, adverse effects, and nursing considerations |
•Stimulates, uterine smooth muscle, producing uterine contractions.
•increase in uterine contractions, painful contractions,water intoxication, coma, seizure, hemmorhage •assess fetal maturity, presentation, and pelvic adequacy. Assess contractions. Monitor maternal BP and pulse. |
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Misoprostol
mechanism of action, adverse effects, and nursing considerations |
• Promotes cervical ripening and labor induction, and also to induce an abortion. (these are all off label uses).
•abdominal pain, diarrhea, miscarriage •Assess dilation of the cervix, monitor uterine cramping and bleeding and assess pain. |
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Dinoprostone
mechanism of action, adverse effects, and nursing considerations |
•produces contractions by stimulating the myometrium. Initiates softening, effacement, and dilation of the cervix. Stimulates GI smooth muscle.
•headache, hypotension, diarrhea, N+V, chills, uterine ruptures, amniotic fluid embolism. •Monitor uterine activity, fetal status, dilation, and uterine contractions, monitor vaginal discharge. |
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Finasteride
mechanism of action, adverse effects, contraindications and nursing considerations |
•Inhibits 5-alpha-reductase which is responsible for converting testosterone into its active form in the prostate. Causes prostate to shrink which reduces mechanical obstruction of the urethra
•decreased ejaculate & decreased libido. teratogenic to male fetus •Pregnancy category X •education regarding adverse effects, teaching re: birth control, assess effectiveness for aiding BPH (prostate shrinkage) |
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Alpha 1 adrenergic antagonists
mechanism of action, adverse effects, contraindications and nursing considerations |
•blockade of alpha 1 receptors relaxes the smooth muscle of the bladder, prostate capsule, and prostatic urethra which decreases dynamic obstruction of the urethra
•hypotension (non-selectives are also used to treat HTN), fainting, dizziness, somnolence and nasal congestion. Selective cause abnormal ejaculation. •use caution in HTN patients who may be on other antihypertensives •make sure its working to shrink prostate, teach regarding hypotension |
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PDE5 inhibitors
mechanism of action, adverse effects, contraindications and nursing considerations |
-Prolongs vasodilation
- Headache, flushing, dyspepsia. [priapism] -Potentiate the hypotensive effects of organic nitrates. In patients for whom sexual activity is inadvisable due to underlying cardiac conditions. -Call someone if erection lasts more than 4 hours. Educate and ask about medications that interact |
