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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bromocriptine - Indication |
Dopamine agonist in PKD. (Also used to treat hyperprolactinemia)
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Pramipexole - Indication
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Dopamine agonist in PKD. (Also used to treat restless legs sysndrome) |
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Ropinirole - Indication
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Dopamine agonist in PKD. (Also used to treat restless legs sysndrome)
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Amantadine - Indication
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Increases dopamine in PKD. (Also used as an antiviral against influenza A and rubella)
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Selegiline - Indication
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Adjunctive agent to L-dopa in treatment of Parkinson's disease
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Entacapone - Indication
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Adjunctive (only) agent to L-dopa in treatment of Parkinson disease.
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Tolcapone - Indication
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Adjunctive (only) agent to L-dopa in treatment of Parkinson disease.
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Benztropine - Indication
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Improves tremor and rigidity (little effect on bradykinsia)
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Rasagiline - Indication
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Adjunctive agent to L-dopa in treatment of Parkinson's disease; possible neuroprotective action.
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L-dopa (leveodpa)/carbidopa - Indication
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Increases level of dopamine in the brain in Parkinson's disease
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Memantine - Indication
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Moderate to severe Alzheimer's Disease
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Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine - Indication
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Alzheimer's Disease |
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Tetrabenazine - Indication
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Chorea; Huntington's Disease
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Reserpine - Indication
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Chorea; Huntington's Disease (also used for blood pressure control, older medication)
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Sumatriptan - Indication
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Acute migraine, cluster headache attacks
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Bromocriptine - Mechanism
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Ergot - stimulates dopamine receptors directly
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Pramipexole- Mechanism
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Non-ergot - stimulates dopamine receptors directly; D2 family - higher affinity for D3 receptor sub-type
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Ropinirole- Mechanism
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Non-ergot - stimulates dopamine receptors directly; D2 family - higher affinity for D3 receptor sub-type
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Amantadine- Mechanism
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May stimulate dopamine release
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Selegiline- Mechanism
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Selective MAO type B inhibitor, irreversible, does not interact with tyramine; prevents dopamine breakdown leading to increased dopamine availability |
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Entacapone- Mechanism
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COMT inhibitor. Prevents dopamine breakdown (blocks peripheral conversion of L-dopa to O-methyl dopa) leading to increased dopamine availability
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Tolcapone- Mechanism
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COMT inhibitor. Prevents dopamine breakdown (blocks peripheral conversion of L-dopa to O-methyl dopa) leading to increased dopamine availability
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Benztropine- Mechanism
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Antimuscarinic; curbs excess cholinergic activity. (Balances dopaminergic-cholinergic systems by reducing cholinergic dominance.)
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Rasagiline- Mechanism
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Selective MAO type B inhibitor, irreversible, does not interact with tyramine; prevents dopamine breakdown leading to increased dopamine availability
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L-dopa (leveodpa)/carbidopa- Mechanism
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Unlike dopamine, L-dopa can cross blood-brain barrier and is converted by dopa decarboxylase in the CNS to dopamine. Carbidopa, a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor, is givin with L-dopa to increase the bioavilability of L-dopa in the brain and to limit peripheral side effects.
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Memantine- Mechanism
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NMDA receptor antagonist; helps prevent excitotoxicity (mediated by Ca2+).
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Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine- Mechanism
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Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors; increases neurotransmitter acetylcholine by blocking the enzyme that metabolizes it
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Tetrabenazine- Mechanism
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Inhibits vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT); limits dopamine vesicle packaging and release.
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Reserpine- Mechanism
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Inhibits vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT); limits dopamine vesicle packaging and release.
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Sumatriptan- Mechanism
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5-HT 1B/1D agonist. Inhibits trigeminal nerve activation; prevents vasoative peptide release; induces vasoconstriction. Half-life less than 2 hours.
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Bromocriptine- Side Effect
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Confusion and hallucinations. (Newer non-ergots more specific and preferred.)
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Pramipexole- Side Effect
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Confusion and hallucinations, somnolence, compulsive behaviors, orthostasis
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Ropinirole- Side Effect
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Confusion and hallucinations, somnolence, compulsive behaviors, orthostasis
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Amantadine- Side Effect
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Ataxia, conufsion and hallucinations, especially if used in combination with other PKD drugs
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Selegiline- Side Effect
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May enhance adverse effects of L-dopa. Conufsion, hallucinations, especially when added to other PKD meds. Metabolizes to amphetamine and has largely been replaced by rasageline (Azilect).
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Entacapone- Side Effect
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May enhance adverse effects of L-dopa.
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Tolcapone- Side Effect
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Acute liver failure (entacapone preferred). May enhance adverse effects of L-dopa.
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Benztropine- Side Effect
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Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation and urinary retention, sedation, mental confusion.
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Rasagiline- Side Effect
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May enhance adverse effects of L-dopa. Conufsion, hallucinations, especially when added to other PKD meds.
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L-dopa (leveodpa)/carbidopa- Side Effect
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Arrhythmias occur from increased peripheral formation of catecholamines. Long-term use can lead to dyskinesia following administration ("on-off" phenomenon), akinesia between doses. Somnolence, orthostasis, confusion may occur.
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Memantine- Side Effect
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Dizziness, confusion, hallucination.
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Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine- Side Effect
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Nausea, dizziness, insominia, diarrhea.
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Tetrabenazine- Side Effect
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Depression, suicidal ideation, sedation, anxiety (preferred due to increased effectiveness)
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Reserpine- Side Effect
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Sedation, dizziness, depression
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Sumatriptan- Side Effect
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Coronary vasospasm (contraindicated in patients with CAD or Prinzmetal angina), mild tingling.
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