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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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therapeutic intent of administering whole blood, PRBCs
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increase in hgb of 1 to 2 per unit of blood administered
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groups of medications used in management of peptic ulcer disease
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antibiotics
antisecretory agents mucosal protectants antacids |
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antibiotics
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amoxicillin, peptobismol, clarithromycin, flagyl, tetracyclin
eradicates H. pylori bacteria therapy should include 2 or 3 abx for 14 days |
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Histamine 2 receptor antagonists: prototype, action and uses
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rantidine (Zantac); cimetidine (Tagamet); Nizatidine (Axid); Famotidine (Pepcid)
suppresses the secretion of gastric acid by selectively blocking H2 receptors in parietal cells lining the stomach are prescribed for gastric and peptic ulcers, GERD, hypersecretory conditions such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome used in conjunction with abx to treat ulcers caused by H. pylori |
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Side/adverse effects of Zantac
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Tegamet may block androgen receptors resulting in decreased libido and impotence; may cause CNS effects (lethargy, depression and confusion)
encourage pt to avoid aspirin and other NSAIDs unless taking low dose aspirin for prevention of cardiovascular disease notify provider of black tarry stools |
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Proton Pump Inhibitor: prototype, action, uses, complications
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omeprazole (prilosec); pantoprazole (Protonix); lansoprazole(prevacid); rabeprazole (AcipHex); esomeprazole (nexium)
reduces gastric acid secretion by irreversibly inhibiting the enzyme that produces gastric acid prescribed for gastric and peptic ulcers, GERD, and hypersecretory conditions low incidence of headache, diarrhea, and n/v avoid alcohol and NSAIDs |
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Mucosal Protectant
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sucralfate (Carafate)
used for acute duodenal ulcers and those requiring maintenance therapy to prevent constipation, increase dietary fiber and drink at least 1,500 mL take on empty stomach; 4 x/day, 1 hr before meals and at bedtime |
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antacids
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aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel); Aluminum carbonate; Milk of magnesia; sodium bicarbonate
they neutralize gastric acid and inactivate pepsin for PUD and GERD aluminum and calcium cause constipation and magnesium cause diarrhea dont give if GI perforation or obstruction chew tablets and then drink at least 8oz of water or milk; take all medications at least 1 hr before or after taking an antacid |
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prostaglandin E analog
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misoprostol (Cytotec)
used in pt taking long-term NSAIDs to prevent gastric ulcers; also used in pt who are pregnant to induce labor by causing cervical ripening can cause diarrhea and abdominal pain - notify HCP dosage may need to be reduced women may experience dysmonorrhea and spotting- notify provider, may d/c Pregnancy risk X take with meals and at bedtime |
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reglan
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antiemetic
monitor for EPS symptoms (restlessness, anxiety and spasms of face and neck)- give antihistamine (Benadryl) to minimize symptoms may cause sedation and diarrhea |
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Iron - ferrous sulfate
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side/ADE: nausea, constipation, heartburn
teeth staining (liquid form) staining of skin and other tissues with IM injections anaphylaxis risk with parenteral administration hypotension fatal iron toxicity in children take on empty stomach 1 hr before meals to maximize absorption |
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iron toxicity symptoms
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severe GI symptoms
shock acidosis liver and heart failure chelating agent deferoxamine (Desferal) to treat toxicity |
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vitamin B12- cyanocobalamin
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necessary to convert folic acid from its inactive form to its active form
side/adverse effects: hypokalemia- may require potassium supplements perform schillings test to determine vitamin b12 absorption |
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signs of vitamin b12 deficiency
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beefy red tongue, pallor, neuropathy
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Potassium supplements
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potassium chloride (K-Dur)
can cause GI distress and local GI ulceration, such as n/v, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort and esophagitis with oral administration--- take w/meals or full glass of water no more than 40 mEq/L of IV solution and no faster than 10 mEq/hr |
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dont take these herbs if on NSAIDs, heparin and warfarin
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feverfew, garlic, ginger root, ginkgo biloba
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