Pharmacology Paramedic Rcc

Front 1

FDA

Back 1

Allows previously perscription drugs to be sold as over the counter

Front 2

Drugs

Back 2

Any foreign substance that is placed in the body

Front 3

Medications

Back 3

Any drug, agent, or chemical that is used to diagnoses, treat, or prevent disease

Front 4

Pharmacology

Back 4

The study off drugs and their actions on the body

Front 5

Chemical discription

Back 5

The most detailed name for a drug

Front 6

Generic Name

Back 6

Suggested by the manufacturer and is confirmed by the United States Adopted Name Council

Front 7

Official Name

Back 7

Is FDA approved and listed in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP)

Front 8

Brand Name
(Trade Name)

Back 8

Foster brand name - Always capitalized

Front 9

Four Sources Of Drugs

Back 9

Plants, Animals, Minerals, and Laboratory (synthetic)

Front 10

United States Pharmacopeia

Back 10

Sets official public standardsd for perscription and over the counter drugs

Front 11

Physiciann's Desk Reference

Back 11

Most popular reference

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Names

Back 12

Include Generic, Tradem and occasional references innclude chemical names

Front 13

Classification

Back 13

Broad group which the drug belongs
Essential to understand the properties of drugs

Front 14

Mechanism of Action

Back 14

The way the drug causes the effect

Front 15

Indications

Back 15

Conditions in which the drug should be used

Front 16

Pharmacokenetics

Back 16

How the drug is absorbed, distributed, transformed, and eliminated (Includes onset and duration)

Front 17

Side Effects/Adverse Reactions

Back 17

The drugs untoward or undesired side effects

Front 18

Routes of Administration

Back 18

How the drug is given

Front 19

Contraindications

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Conditions that make it inappropriate to give the drug (Situations that will give a predictable harmful event if administered)

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Dosage

Back 20

The amount of the drug that should be given

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How Supplied

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Concentrations of available preparations

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Special Considerations

Back 22

Drugs that affect pediatrics, geriatrics, or pregnant patients

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Assay

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Determines the amount and purity of a givn chemical in a preparation in the laboratory

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Bioequivalence

Back 24

Drugs that have the same amount of a given chemical (drug), but have differnt therapeutic effects

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Phase 1 Testing

Back 25

Determine the drug's pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and safe dose in humans

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Phase 2 Testing

Back 26

Find the therapeutic drug level and watch carefully for toxic and side effects

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Phase 3 Testing

Back 27

Refine the usual therapeutic dose and to collect relevant data on side effects

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Double-Blind

Back 28

Neither the researcher or patient knows if they are given the placebo or real drug until after the study has been completed

Front 29

Phase 4 Testing

Back 29

Postmarketing analysis during conditional approval

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Six Rights of Medication Administration

Back 30

Please Dont Touch My Raptorex Dinosaur Patient Dose Time Medication Route Document

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Tetatogenic Drugs

Back 31

Kill, deform, or injure the baby

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Pregnancy Catagory A

Back 32

Adequate studies in pregnant women have not demonstrated a risk to th baby

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Pregnancy Catagory B

Back 33

Animal studies have not demonstrated a risk to the baby but no adequate studies in pregnant women

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Pregnancy Catagory C

Back 34

Animal studies have demonstrated adverse effects, but there are no adequate studies in pregant women
(benefits may be acceptable despite the potential risk)

Front 35

Pregnancy Catagory D

Back 35

Baby risk has been demonstrated (Some benefits outweigh risk)

Front 36

Pregnancy Catagory X

Back 36

Baby risk has been demonstrated
(risk outweighs any possible benefit to the mother)

Front 37

Schedule I

Back 37

High Abuse Potential; May lead to severe dependency (No accepted medical indications) -Heroin, LSD, Mescalinne-

Front 38

Schedule II

Back 38

High abuse potential; May lead to severe dependency
(Accepted medical indications)
-Opium, Cocaine, Morphine, Codeine, Oxycodonem Methadonem Secobarbital-

Front 39

Schedule III

Back 39

Less abuse potential; May lead to moderate or low dependency
(accpted medical indications)
-Vicodin, Tylenol with codeine-

Front 40

Schedule IV

Back 40

Low abuse potential; limmited physiological and physical dependency
(Accepted medical indications)
-Diazepam, Lorazepam, Phenobarbital-

Front 41

Schedule V

Back 41

Lowest abuse potential; may lead to limited physical or psychological dependence
(Accepted medical indications)

Front 42

Dose Packaging

Back 42

Contains a single dose for a single patient

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Free Drug Availability

Back 43

Greater proportion of the drug will be available in the body to cause either a desired or undesired effect

Front 44

Browselow Tape

Back 44

Gives a good approximation of medications and procedures for children of average height/weight ratio

Front 45

Active Transport

Back 45

Requires energy to move a substance

Front 46

Facilitated Diffusion
(Carrier-Mediated Diffusion)

Back 46

Move across the cell membrane with the help of a special carrier protein found on the surface of the target cells

Front 47

Passive Transport

Back 47

The movement of a substance without the use of energy

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Diffusion

Back 48

Movement of solute in the solution from a high concentration to low

Front 49

Osmosis

Back 49

Movement of the solvent (usually water) (passive transport)

Front 50

Albumin

Back 50

Cheif proteins in the blood that are available for binding

Front 51

Hypoalbuminemia

Back 51

Low albumin in the blood
(usually from malnutrition)

Front 52

Biotransformation

Back 52

Special name given to the metabolism of drugs
-It can transform the drug into a more or less active metabolite
-it can make the drug more water soluble to facilitate elimination

Front 53

Prodrugs

Back 53

Not active when administered, but biotransformation converts them into active metabolites

Front 54

First-Pass Effect

Back 54

Blood supply from GI tract passes through the liver via the portal vein, all drugs absorbed in the GI tract pass through the liver before moving on through the systemic circulation

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Renal Excretion

Back 55

Glomerular filtration and tubular secretion

Front 56

Enteral Route

Back 56

Delivering medications by absorption through the GI tract
Mouth--->Stomach--->Intestines--->Rectum

Front 57

Oral (PO) Administration

Back 57

Good for self-administered drugs

Front 58

Orogastric/Nasogastric Tube (OG/NG) Administration

Back 58

Used for oral medications when pt already has a tube in place

Front 59

Sublingual (SL) Administration

Back 59

Good route for self-administration and excellent absorption without problems of gastric acidity or absorption

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Buccal Administration

Back 60

Absorption through cheek and gum

Front 61

Rectal (PR) Administration

Back 61

Reserved for unconscious or vomiting patients or patients who cannot cooperate with oral or IV administration (small children)

Front 62

Parenteral Route

Back 62

Any administration outside the GI tract
(typically a needle is used to inject medications into the circulatory system or tissues)

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Intravenous (IV) Administration

Back 63

Rapid onsetm this is the perferred route in most emergencies

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Endotracheal (ETT) Administration

Back 64

This is an alternative route for selected medicaions in an emergency

Front 65

Intraosseous (IO) Administration

Back 65

Delivers drugs to the medullary space of bones (Alternative to IV in pediatric emergencies)

Front 66

Unbilical Administration

Back 66

Alternative IV for newborns

Front 67

Intramuscular (IM) Administration

Back 67

Slower absorption than IV administrations because it passes through capallaries

Front 68

Subcutaneous (SC,SQ,SubQ) Administration

Back 68

Slower than IM route because the tissue is less vascular than the muscular tissue

Front 69

Inhalation/Nebulized Administration

Back 69

Very rapid absorption especially for drugs whose target tissue are the lungs

Front 70

Topical Administration

Back 70

Delivers drugs directly to skin

Front 71

Transdermal Administration

Back 71

Can be absorbed through the skin and releases a continuous administration

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Nasal Administration

Back 72

Delivered to nasal mucosa, and plays a roll in delivering ssystemically acting drugs

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Instillation Administration

Back 73

Simillar to topical, but places the drug directly into a wound or an eye

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Intradermal Administration

Back 74

For allergy testing, delivers drugs between the dermal layers

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Suppositories

Back 75

Drugs mixed with a waxlike base that melts at body temperature, allowing absorption by rectal or vaginal tissue

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Tinctures

Back 76

Prepared using an alcohol extraction process

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Affinity

Back 77

Force of attraction between a drug and receptor

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Prototype

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A drug that best demonstrates the class's common properties and illustrates its particular characteristics

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Somatic nervous system

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Voluntary motor functions

Front 80

Autonomic Nervous System

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Involuntary functions
(Sympathetic and Parasympathetic)

Front 81

Analgesics

Back 81

Medications sthat relieve the sensation of pain

Front 82

Analgesia

Back 82

The absence of the sensation of pain

Front 83

Anesthesia

Back 83

The absence of all sensation

Front 84

Adjunct Medications

Back 84

Enhance the effect of other analgesics

Front 85

Opioid

Back 85

Chemical similar to opium, extracted from poppy plants, used for hallucinatory and analgesic effects

Front 86

Prototype Of Opioid Drug

Back 86

Morphine

Front 87

Prototype Of Opioid Antagonist

Back 87

Naloxone
(Narcan)

Front 88

Adjunct Medications Prototype(s)

Back 88

Benzodiazepines and Caffeine

Front 89

Opioid Agonist-Antagonist Prototype

Back 89

Pentazocine
(Nalbuphine (nubain) is commonly used in the field)

Front 90

Neuroleptaneesthesia

Back 90

Anesthesia that combines with amnesia

Front 91

Sedation

Back 91

A state of decreased anxiety and inhibitions

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Hypnosis

Back 92

Instigation of sleep

Front 93

Benzodiazepine & Barbiturates

Back 93

-Hyperpolarize the membrance of the CNS neurons, which decreases their response to stimuli
-

Front 94

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)

Back 94

Chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS

Front 95

Partial Seizure

Back 95

Hyperactivity of a section of the brain

Front 96

Generalized Seizure

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Hyperactivity of all the brain

Front 97

Status Epilepticus

Back 97

Uninterrupted tonic-clonic seizures lasting more than 30 minutes or by two or more tonic-clonic seizures without an intervening lucid interval

Front 98

Tonic-Clonic Seizure

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Periods of muscle rigidity followed by spasmodic twitching and then flaccidity and a gradual return to consciousness

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Postictal Stage

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Return to consciousness after seizure

Front 100

Two Chief Pharmaceutical classes of antipsychotics and neuroleptics

Back 100

Phenothiazines and Butyrophenones

Front 101

Neurotransmitters of the ANS

Back 101

Acetylcholine (ACh) & Norepinephrine

Front 102

Acetylcholine
(ACh)

Back 102

Sympathetic=Preganglionic nerves
Parasympathetic=Preganglionic and Postganglionic nerves

Front 103

Norepinephrine

Back 103

Sympmathetic=Postganglionic Nerves

Front 104

Cholinergic

Back 104

Synapses that use ACh as the neurotransmitter

Front 105

Adrenergic

Back 105

Synapses that use norepinephrine as the neurotransmitter

Front 106

Parasympathetic ACh Receptors

Back 106

Nicotinic & Muscarinic

Front 107

Acetylocholinestrase

Back 107

Deactivates ACh within a fraction of a second after its release

Front 108

Parasympathomimeticcs

Back 108

Medications that stimulate ACh receptors

Front 109

Parasympatholytics

Back 109

Medications that block ACh receptors

Front 110

Cholinergics prototype

Back 110

Bethanechol
(Urecholine)

Front 111

Reversible Cholinesterase Prototype

Back 111

Neostigmine
(Prostigmin)

Front 112

SLUDGE

Back 112

Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Gastric Motility, Emesis

Front 113

Anticholinergic Prototype

Back 113

Atropine

Front 114

Two Ganglionic Blocking Agents

Back 114

Trimethaphan (Arfonad) & Mecamylamine (Inversine)

Front 115

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

Back 115

Competitive antagonism of nicotinic-m receptor
Fully conscience but paralized

Front 116

Alpha 1

Back 116

Peripheral Vasoconstriction
Mild bronchoconstrictions
Stimulation of Metabolism

Front 117

Alpha 2

Back 117

Inhibits overrealse of norepinephrine

Front 118

Beta 1

Back 118

Increased HR, contractile force, and cardiac automaticity and conduction

Front 119

Beta 2

Back 119

Vasodilation and bronchodilation

Front 120

Dopaminergic

Back 120

Vasodilation (increased blood flow)

Front 121

Antiarrhythmic

Back 121

Drugs that are used to treat or prevent abnormal cardiac rythems

Front 122

Class I

Back 122

Sodium Channel Blockers

Front 123

Sodium Channel Blockers
(Class I)

Back 123

Affects the sodium influx at phase 0 & 4
Slows impulses without effecting the SA or AV node

Front 124

Class I Prototype

Back 124

Procainamide

Front 125

Class IA

Back 125

Decreases repolarization rate
Widens QRS complex

Front 126

Class IA Prototype

Back 126

Procainamide

Front 127

Class IB

Back 127

Increase the rate of repolarization

Front 128

Class IB Prototype

Back 128

Lidocaine

Front 129

Class IC

Back 129

Decrease conduction velocity through the atria and ventricles as well as through the bundle of His and the Purkinje networks

Front 130

Class IC Prototype

Back 130

Delay ventricular repolarization

Front 131

Class IA & IC

Back 131

Both given to prevent recurrence of ventricular arrhythmias

Front 132

Class II

Back 132

Beta-Blockers

Front 133

Beta-Blockers

Back 133

Blocks the actions of the beta-receptors

Front 134

Class III

Back 134

Potassium Channel Blockers

Front 135

Potassium Channel Blockers

Back 135

Antiadrenergic medication because of its actiooons on sympathetic terminals

Front 136

Indications for Potassium Channel Blockers

Back 136

Ventricular fibrillation and refractory ventricular tachycardia

Front 137

Indications for Beta-Blockers

Back 137

Tachycardias resulting from exceessive sympathetic stimulation

Front 138

Class IV

Back 138

Calcium Channel Blockers

Front 139

Calcium Channel Blockers

Back 139

Decrease SA and AV automaticity and decreases (most useful on AV node)

Front 140

Calcium Channel Blocker Prototype

Back 140

Verapamil

Front 141

Hypertension

Back 141

Affects 50,000,000 People

Front 142

Diuretics

Back 142

Reduce circulating blood volume by increaesing the amount of urine

Front 143

BBBeta Adrenergic Antagonists

Back 143

Help block beta 1 receptors which decreases contracttility and thereby directly decreasing cardiac output

Front 144

Centrally Acting Adrenergic Inhibitors

Back 144

Inhibit CNS stimulation of adrenergic receptors and
Alpha 2 agonist

Front 145

Peripheral Adrenergic Neuron Blocking Agent

Back 145

Decreases norepinepherine realeased from sympathetic presynaptic terminals

Front 146

Angiotension Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
(ACE Inhibitors)

Back 146

Prevent the conversion of angiotension I to Angiotension II

Front 147

Angiotension II

Back 147

One of the most potent vasoconstrictors yet discovered

Front 148

Cardiac Glycosides
(Digitalis Glycosides)

Back 148

Naturally through foxglove plants
Interferes with sodium-potassium pump making intracellular levels inrease in sodium which increases myocardial contractility and cardiac output

Front 149

Hemostasis

Back 149

Stoppage of bleeding

Front 150

Vitamin K Deficiency

Back 150

Inhibits Clotting

Front 151

Antiplatelets

Back 151

Decresae the formation of platelet plugs

Front 152

Anticoagulants

Back 152

Inturrupt the clotting cascade

Front 153

Fibrinolytic
(thrombolytic

Back 153

Act directly on thrombi to break them up

Front 154

Rhinorrhea

Back 154

Runny Nose
(HAHA)

Front 155

Leukotrienes

Back 155

Released from mast cells lupon contact with allergens
-Powerful contributor to inflimation and bronchoconstriction-

Front 156

Antihistamines

Back 156

Depress the effects of histamines by blocking receptors

Front 157

Histamines

Back 157

Endogenous substance that affects a wide variety of organ systems

Front 158

Antitussive

Back 158

Medication that supresses the stimulus to cough in the CNS

Front 159

Laxatives

Back 159

decrease stool firmness and increase water content

Front 160

Organs that process filtration and eliminate drugs

Back 160

Kidneys and Liver

Front 161

Intracardiac Administration

Back 161

Drugs administered directly to the heart
Administered directly below xiphoid process and aim for right ventricle

Front 162

IV/IO Drug Advantage

Back 162

-Already in solution form
-Predictable drug levels
-Higher chance of toxicity

Front 163

Why Epi Is Given SQ In Anaphylaxis

Back 163

-Sustained effect
-It has been in EMT scope for a long time

Front 164

Distribution

Back 164

Movement of the drug from the body fluid to the tissue

Front 165

Blood-Brain Barrier

Back 165

Only lipid-soluable and small molecules go through

Front 166

Placental Barrier

Back 166

Only lipid soluble or free-form drugs can get through

Front 167

Bile

Back 167

Drug is turned into inactive metabolites by the liver and excreted

Front 168

Actions of drugs

Back 168

-Bind to receptor (stimulation or inhibition)
-Change physical properties
-Chemically combined with other substances
-Alter a normal metabolic pathway

Front 169

Primary Neurotrasmitters

Back 169

Sympathetic-Norepinephrine (and Epi) Parasympathetic- Acetylcholine

Front 170

Dopamine

Back 170

For CHF patients

Front 171

Benzo

Back 171

Gaba enhancement

Front 172

Common Benzodiazeepines

Back 172

Diazepam (Valium) - Anti anxiety, sedative-hypnoti, anti-convulsant and anti-spasmotic
Midazolam (Versed) - Anti-anxiety, sedative
Lorazepam (Ativan) - Sedative, amnesic, anti-convulsant, muscle relaxent
Temazepam (Restoril) - Sedative-Hypnotic

Front 173

Benzo's

Back 173

1.Must be activated by liver
2.Distributed in blood and brain (lipid-soluble)
3.Highly bound to protein