Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Injury to Cell
|
• Releases Arachidonic Acid and Bradykinin
• Arachidonic acid→cyclooxygenase→prostaglandins→activating an sensitizing pain receptors • Injury from temp, physical injury, etc o →vasodilation→feel red, warm, swelling (edema)→pain cells also innervated |
|
|
3 Categories for Pain Management
|
• opiates/opioids or narcotics
• nonopiates o Acetaminophin, salicylates (ASA_, and NSAIDs • Adjuvant analgesics o Benzodiazopines, TCA, Carticosteroids o Medications not known for their pain relieving ability but because of other things |
|
|
Pain level to Give opiate
|
• Pain level 8+→opiate
• Pain level 4-6→non opiate OR mixture→tylenol w/ codene |
|
|
Types of Pain
|
• Duration
o Acute-sudden onset • →crying, moaning, restless or not moving • areas of descrete tenderness o chronic-3 months of more • not as urgent • some patients may have depression from it, withdrawl, personal lifestyle change • arthritic pain, cancer • Origin o Somatic-skin, bone, muscle • Often described as sharp, throbbing, crampy, burning • Can be acute or chronic • Can stimulate sympathetic nervous system →high BP, HR o Visceral-more thoracic or abdominal • Dull, aching • Can’t immediatey localize it • If bad enough→have potential to innervate sympathetic NS →since it runs through vagus nerve→vagus vagal→BP srops, bradycardic, nausia/vomiting, change of consciousness o Neuropathic pain-to nerves • Shooting pain |
|
|
Pain Assessment
|
• PQRST
• Precipitates, provokes • Quality • Radiation • Severity • Timing |
|
|
Agonist
|
• A drug that can act LIKE something natural in the body
• Acts like an opiate (pain med) |
|
|
Antiagonist
|
block the addiction of it and also blocks receptors
|
|
|
Agonist/Antiagonist
|
• Opiate that helps pain and wont have any addictive effect
o Prototype Talwin (pentazocine) o Addict→take talwin→feel withdrawl o Not as effective as morphine |
|
|
Opiate Prototype
|
Morphine
|
|
|
Therapeutic effect of opiates
|
interferes with pain impulses
|
|
|
Adverse drug effects of opiates
|
• Depresses GI tract→NV, constipation
• Depresses CNS o Serious drop in respirations o Sedation, dizziness (safety issue) • Alters psycho response to pain • Euphora |
|
|
Clinical Uses of opiates
|
• Relief of moderate to severe pain
o Moderate=4-6 severe=7-10 • Pre-op sedation • Labor and delivery • Invasive diag tests • Acute pulmonary edema • Severe nonproductive cough • MI and APE treatment |
|
|
Opiate Antagonist
|
• Prototype=narcan
• NOT a stimulant • Have no agonist effects • Wont help patient if having issues • Used to counteract overdose of an opiate • Happens quickly→lasts about 2 hours o Need to reassess patient after 2 hours |
|
|
Withdrawal
|
• Depressive feelings
• Muscle pain • Abstinence is the goal o Methadone→reduce withdrawl o Surboxone→help them • |
