Pharmacology Of Viral Infections

Front 1

Inhibitor of viral attachment and entry used in HIV infections in 2x daily injections

side effects: Guillain-Barre, renal insufficiency, thrombocytopenia, neutopenia, eosinophilia, peripheral neuropathy, sixth nerve palsy, conjunctivitis

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efuvirtide

Front 2

Inhibitors of viral uncoating used to treat Influenza A and Parkinsonism (A)

side effects: neuroleptic malignant syndrome, exacerbation of mental disorder, orthostatic hypotension, peripheral edema, GI disturbance, confusion, dizziness, insomnia, irritability, hallucination

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Amantidine and Rimantadine

Front 3

Nucleotide/nucleoside analogue used in HSV and VZV

side effects: renal failure, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in immunocompromised, encephalopathy, HUS, GI disturbance, agitation, dizziness

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Acyclovir and Valacyclovir(prodrug)

Front 4

nucleoside/nucleotide analogue used in HSV and VZV

side effects: erythema multiforme, GI disturbance, headache

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Famciclovir and penciclovir (prodrug)

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nucleoside/nucleotide analogue used for CMV

side effects: neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, fever, phlebitis

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Ganciclovir and Valganciclovir (prodrug)

Front 6

nucleoside/nucleotide analogue used for CMV retinitis

side effects: nephrotoxicity, neutropenia, netabolic acidosis, decreased intraocular pressure, GI disturbance, rash, headache

Contraindicated: renal insufficiency, other nephrotoxic agents, direct intraocular injection

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cidofovir

Front 7

nucleoside/nucleotide analogues used for HSV keratitis, HSV or VZV (rarely V)

side effects: eye irritation, lacrimation, light intolerance

Early drugs-> increased toxicity

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Vidarabine, Idoxuridine, Trifluridine

Front 8

nucleoside/nucleotide analogues used for HIV and HBV

side effects: neutropenia, nemia, pancreatitis, lactic acidosis, hepatomegaly with steatosi, optic neuritis, peripheral neuropathy, fatal hypersensitivity

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zidovudine (AZT), Stavudine (d4T), Zalcitabine (ddC), Lamivudine (3TC), Emtricitabine (FTC), Didanosine (ddI), Abacavir

Front 9

nucleoside/nucleotide analogue used for HIV and HBV

side effects: lactic acidosis, hepatotoxicity (T), renal toxicity (A)

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Tenofovir, Adefovir, Entecavir

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nonnucleoside DNA plymerase inhibitor used for HSV and CMV

side effects: renal impairment, electrolyte imbalance, seizures, anemia, fever, GI disturbances

Contraindications: concurrent administration of arsenic trioxide, bepridil, levomethadyl, mesoridazine, pimozide, probucol, thioridazine, ziprasidone, intravenous pentamidine

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Foscarnet

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nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors used for HIV

side effects: rash, psychiatric effects, dizziness, insomnia

Contraindicated: concurrent administration P450 met drugs

resistance develops easy

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Efavirenz, nevirapine, delaviridine

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Inhibitors of viral maturation used for HIV

side effects: dyslipidemia, lipodystrophy, hyperglycemia

contraindications: severe hepatic impairment, concurrent administration of pimozide, midazolam, triazolam

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saquinavir, ritonavir, amprenavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, lopinavir, atazanavir, tipranavir, darunavir

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inhibitors of viral release used for Influenza A and B

side effects: bronchospasm, respiratory depression, GI disturbances, headache, nasal symptoms

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zanamirvir and oseltamivir

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Antiviral used for CMV retinitis (second-line)

side effects: inflammatory disorders of the eye, transiently elevated intraocular pressure

contraindications: IV or intravitreal cidofovir w/in 2-4 weeks

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Fomivirsen

Front 15

Antiviral used for respiratory syncytial virus, HCV

side effects: bradyarrhythmia, hypotension, pancreatitis, hemolytc anemia, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hepatotoxicity, bacterial infection, suicide, rash, GI disturbances, headache, conjunctivitis, fatigue

contraindicated: pregnancy, creatine clearance less than 50, significant cardiac disease, hemoglobinopathies, autoimmune hepatitis, severe hepatic decompensation

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ribavirin

Front 16

Antiviral that modulates the immune system and is used in HCV, HBV, Kaposi's sarcoma, chronic myeloid leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, malignant melanoma, renal cell carcinoma

side effects: gastic hemorrhage, aplastic anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, increased liver enzymes, autoimmune diseases, psychotic disorder, depression, altered mental state, influenza like syndrome

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interferon alpha

Front 17

antiviral that modulates the immune system used for MS

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Interferon beta

Front 18

antiviral that modulates the immune system used for HPV, basal cell carcinoma, actinic keratosis

side effects: skin irritation including erythema, superficial erosion and crusting, and burning sensation

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imiquimod