Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
poison used as mild analgesic
converted to reactive NAPQI in the liver causes hepatotoxicity |
acetominophen
|
|
|
antidote of acetominophen
|
N-acetylcysteine
|
|
|
Strong nucleophile that causes type II hypersensitivity reactions
eye and skin irritants |
acid anhydrides
|
|
|
poison that oxidizes hemoglobin to methemoglobin
acts directly on hemoglobin causes cyanosis, nausea, vertigo, vomiting, colapse, tachycardia, tachypnea, coma, convulsions, death |
amyl nitrite/ benzocaine/ metoclopramide/primaquine/sulfonamides/trinitrotoluene/nitrites
|
|
|
antidote of amyl nitrite/benzocain/metoclopramide/primaquine/sulfonamides/trinitrotoluene/nitrites/nitroglycerin
|
methylene blue
|
|
|
drug that acts on steroid receptors
Cause lipoprotein disturbances, cardiac disease, hepatoma, psychiatric disturbances, and hypogonadal states |
anabolic steroids
|
|
|
dye that oxidizes hemoglobin to methemoglobin
acts on hemoglobin receptors causes cyanosis, nausea, vertigo, vomiting, collapse, tachycardia, tachypnea, coma, convulsions, death |
aniline dyes
|
|
|
antidote for aniline dyes
|
methylene blue
|
|
|
antidote that causes Type III hypersensitivity reaction and serum sickness
|
antivenins
|
|
|
poison that replace phosphate in several reactions
binds cysteine residues in proteins alters DNA methylation, oxidative stress alters cell proliferation, tumor promoter carcinogen of skin, lung, liver |
arsenic
|
|
|
antidote of arsenic
|
dimercaprol
|
|
|
inhaled fibers that lodge in alveoli, elicit iron deposition, adn attract macrophages
cause inflammatory reaction that results in collagen formation pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, mesothelioma, possibly GI cancer |
asbestos
|
|
|
Antagonist at cholinergic receptors (muscarinic)
Glaucoma and tachycardia |
atropine
|
|
|
atropine antidote
|
physostigmine
|
|
|
substance that is converted to reactive phenols and polyphenols in the liver
CNS depression, bone marrow depression, leukemia |
benzene
|
|
|
inhaled particles can elicit granuloma formation
chemical pneumonitis, suspected carcinogen, lung hypersensitivity |
Beryllium
|
|
|
toxin that blocks release of acetylcholine
acts on synaptobrevin or synapse-associated proteins muscular paralysis |
botulinum toxin
|
|
|
poison that prevents clotting factor synthesis by inhibiting Vit K regeneration
acts on epoxide reductase bleeding |
brodifacoum/diphacinone/warfarin
|
|
|
pharmological action to counteract brodifacoum/diphacinone/warfarin
|
Vitamin K, fresh frozen plasma
|
|
|
metal that inhibits synthesis of alpha-1-antitrypsin; causes proteinuria
Carcinogenic, vomiting, pulmonary edema, emphysema, renal failure, osteomalacia |
cadmium
|
|
|
antidote for cadmium
|
succimer
|
|
|
Caustic agent that causes chemical burns
|
calcium hydroxide
|
|
|
Gas that binds to hemoglobin, preventing oxygen transport; shifts oxygen saturation curve to left
prevents oxygen unloading acts on hemoglobin headache, cardiac ischemia, lactic acidosis, neurologic symptoms-> seizures, coma, death |
Carbon Monoxide
|
|
|
antidote to carbon monoxide
|
hyperbaric oxygen
|
|
|
chemical converted to reactive trichloro radical in the liver
hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity |
carbon tetrachloride
|
|
|
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
acts directly on acetylcholinesterase and indirectly on receptor by increasing concentration of acetylcholine at the synapse and neuromuscular junction nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hypersalivation, muscle paralysis, bradycardia |
chlorpyrifos/diazinon/ fenthion/ malathion/parathion/sarin/soman/tabun/VX
|
|
|
antidote fo chlorpyrifos/diazinon/fenthion/malathion/parathion/sarin/soman/tabun/VX
|
atropine and pralidoxime
|
|
|
chemical carcinogenesis in particulate and gas phase
lung cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, other cancers, emphysema, cardiovascular disease |
cigarette smoke
|
|
|
fine particles that irritate the lungs and mucous membranes
pulmonary irritation, pneumoconiosis |
coal dust
|
|
|
metal that generates free radicals
hepatotoxicity, cerebellar dysfunction, hematuria, proteinuria, oliguria, and/or uremia |
Copper
|
|
|
antidote for copper
|
penicillamine, trientine
|
|
|
poison that binds to cytochrome c oxidase, preventing reduction of oxygen to water, halting the ETC
lactic acidosis, irregular respirations, convulsions, coma, death |
cyanide
|
|
|
antidote for cyanide
|
amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, sodium thiosulfate
|
|
|
substance that increases intracellular Ca++ concentration
acts on Na+/K+ ATPase ventricular extrasystole, AV block |
digoxin
|
|
|
antidote for digoxin
|
digoxin Fab
|
|
|
substance that causes type II hypersensitivity reactions
atypical asthma, respiratory irritation |
diisocyanates
|
|
|
substance tht induces P450 aryl hydrocarbon receptor
possible carcinogenesis, porphyria cutanea tarda chloracne |
dioxin
|
|
|
substance that stimulates GABA receptors, inhibits glutamate receptors
nutritional deficiencies metabolized to toxic intermediates (acetaldehyde) CNS depression, hepatic cirrhosis, cardiomyopathy, terratogenous effects |
ethanol
|
|
|
alcohol that is converted to oxalic acid
calcium oxalate in kidney acute renal failure |
ethylene glycol
|
|
|
antidote for ethylene glycol
|
ethanol, fomepizole
|
|
|
direct nephrotoxin
kidney and liver damage |
glycol ethers
|
|
|
substance that alters liver proteins to elicit autoimmune reaction
autoimmune hepatitis |
halothane
|
|
|
dust/spores that causes type I and III hypersensitivity
allergic rhinitis, asthmatic bronchoconstriction, hypersensitivity pneumonitis |
hay dust/mold spores
|
|
|
antidote to hay dust/mold spores
|
antihistamine, glucocorticoids
|
|
|
substance that causes autoimmune reaction by inducing autoantibodies against myeloperoxidase
lupus-like syndrome |
hydralazine/isoniazid/procainamide
|
|
|
strong acid that causes chemical burns
|
hydrochloric acid/sulfuric acid
|
|
|
strong acid that leaches bones and causes hypercalcemia
chemical burns |
hydrofluoric acid
|
|
|
antidote for hydrofluoric acid
|
treatment for hypercalemia
|
|
|
metal that generates free radicals
accumulates in cardiac tissue with hemosiderin, causing cellular degeneration and fibrosis hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity |
iron
|
|
|
antidote for iron
|
deferoxamine
|
|
|
metal that binds to cysteine residues in proteins, destroys the BBB,
interferes with voltage-dependent calcium channels, neuronal cell-cell signaling, and neurotransmitter function inhibits hemoglobin synthesis acts on ALA-D hypochromic anemia, developmental delays, encephalopathy, probable human carcinogen, renal toxicity, peripheral neuropathy |
lead
|
|
|
antidote to lead
|
edetate calcium disodium
dimercaprol succimer |
|
|
alkyl compounds are direct neurotoxins, salts bind cysteine residues in proteins, causing changes in protein structure
interstitial pneumonitis, membranous colitis, psychotic reactins, renal failure, muscle tremors, dementia, cerebral palsy, mental retardation, teratogen |
mercury
|
|
|
antidote for mercury
|
dimercaprol, succimer
|
|
|
converted to formaldehyde in the liver and formic acid in the retinal cells
blindness |
methanol
|
|
|
antidote of methanol
|
ethanol, fomepizole
|
|
|
cause of autoimmune reaction
hemolytic anemia |
methyldopa
|
|
|
opioid agonist
act on opioid receptors respiratory depression, constipation, nausea, vomiting, sedation, euphoria, peripheral vasodilation, urinary retention, miosis, drug dependance |
morphine
|
|
|
antidote for morphine
|
naloxone
|
|
|
substance converted to MPT+, a neurotoxin
parkinsonian symptoms |
MPTP
|
|
|
Causes type I hypersensitivity reaction
asthmatic bronchconstriction |
nitric acid
|
|
|
alkylate DNA
skin blistering, carcinogenesis |
nitrogen mustards
|
|
|
Causes type IV hypersensitivity reaction
contact dermatitis |
pentadecatechol
|
|
|
crosslinks IgE, causes type I hypersensitivity
allergic rhinitis, asthma |
pet dander
|
|
|
antidote for pet dander
|
antihistamines, glucocorticoids
|
|
|
crosslinks IgE, causes type I hyersensitivity reaction
asthmatic bronchoconstriction |
platinum chloride, sulfur dioxide
|
|
|
inhaled, fine particles of crystalline deposited in the lungs, eliciting inflammatory reaction
pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, scleroderma |
silica
|
|
|
inhaled particles cause granuloma formation
pulmonary fibrosis |
Talc
|
|
|
Converted to reactive species via action of cytochrome P450 enzyme
CNS depression, possible carcinogenesis |
tetrachloroethylene
|
|
|
Quinidine like effect on sodium channel, lengthen QRS interval
acts on sodium channels ventricular arrhythmias, hypotension, heart block, bradyarrhythmias, asystole |
tricyclic antidepressants
|
|
|
causes type I hypersensitivity
contact dermatitis |
urushiol
|
|
|
antidote for urushiol
|
glucocorticoids
|
