Pharmacology Of Reproduction

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inhibitor of peripheral testosterone converstion to DHT that is used for BPH and androgenic alopecia

side effects: neoplasm of male breast, breast tenderness, decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, ejaculatory disorder

contraindications: known or suspected pregnancy, women and children

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Finasteride

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inhibitors of aromatase used for treatment and prevention of estrogen receptor positive early-stage, locally advanced, and metastatic breast cancer

side effects: osteoporotic fractures, thrombophlebitis, hypercholesterolemia, profuse vaginal bleeding, peripheral edema, rash, nausea, arthralgia, bone pain, headache, depression, dyspnea

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anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane, formestane

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drug used for prevention breast cancer, palliative treatment of metastatic breast cancer and adjuvant therapy of breast cancer after primary excision of the tumor

side effects: malignant neoplasm of the endometrium, cerebrovascular accident, cataract, pulmonary embolism, hot flashes, abnormal menstruation, vaginal discharge

contraindications: Hx DVT or pulmonary embolism if used for breast cancer prevention; pregnancy

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tamoxifen

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drug used for female infertility due to ovulatory disorder

side effects: thromboembolism, ovarian cysts, ovarian hypertrophy, flushing, vasomotor symptoms, abdominal discomfort

contraindications: pregnancy, uncontrolled thyroid dysfunction, liver disease, endometrial carcinoma, ovarian cysts, organic intracranial lesion

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clomiphene

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drug used for the treatment of receptor positive metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women with disease progression following anti estrogen therapy

side effects: nausea, asthenia, pain, vasodilation, headache

contraindications: pregnancy

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fulvestrant

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drug used for metastatic prostate cancer adn BPH

side effects: hepatotoxicity, disorders of the hematopoietic system, hot flash, diarrhea, nausea, rash

contraindications: severe hepatic impairment

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flutamide

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drug used for hirsutism, acne vulgaris, hypertension, edema, hypokalemia, primary aldosteronism

side effects: hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis, GI hemorrhage, agranulocytosis, SLE, breast cancer, gynecomastia, dyspepsia, lethargy, abnormal menstruation, immpotence, rash

contraindications: anuria, hyperkalemia, acute renal insufficiency

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spironolactone

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drug used for abortion through day 49 of pregnancy

side effects: prolonged bleeding time, bacterial infections, sepsis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cramps, abnormal vaginal bleeding, headache

contraindications: chronic adrenal failure, ectopic pregnancy, hemorrhagic disorders, anticoagulation therapy, inherited porphyrias, IUD, undiagnosed adnexal mass

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Mifepristone (RU-486)

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drug used as an investigational agent for the treatment of endometriosis adn uterine leiomyomata

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asoprisnil

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estrogens used for contraception

side effects: arterial and vnous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism, cerebral thrombosis, gallbladder disease, hypertension, hepatic neoplasm, abnormal menstruation, breakthrough bleeding, breast tenderness, bloating symptoms, migraine, weight change

contraindications: breast cancer, endometrial cancer, cerebral vascular or coronary artery disease, cholestatic jaundice, benign or malignant liver tumors, severe hypertension, prolonged immobilization, pregnancy, female smokers over 35, thrombotic disorders

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ethinyl estradiol and mestranol

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progestins used for contraception

side effects: arterial and vnous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism, cerebral thrombosis, gallbladder disease, hypertension, hepatic neoplasm, abnormal menstruation, breakthrough bleeding, breast tenderness, bloating symptoms, migraine, weight change

contraindications: breast cancer, endometrial cancer, cerebral vascular or coronary artery disease, cholestatic jaundice, benign or malignant liver tumors, severe hypertension, prolonged immobilization, pregnancy, female smokers over 35, thrombotic disorders

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norgestrel, levonorgestrel, norethindrone, norethindrone acetate, ethynodiol, norgestimate, gestodene, desogestrel, drospirenone

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drug used for conraception

side effects: irregular periods, breast tenderness, nausea, dizziness, headache

contraindications: acute liver disease, benign or malignant liver tumors, known or suspected breast cancer, pregnancy

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Progestin only: norgestrel, norethindrone, medroxyprogesterone acetate, etonogestrel

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drugs used for hypogonadism

side effects: cholestatic jaundice syndrome, liver carcinoma, BPH, prostate cancer, acne gynecomastia, oral irritation with buccal delivery, skin irritation, potential transfer to female partner (topical), headache

contraindications: breast cancer in men, prostate cancer, pregnancy when used in women

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testosterone enanthate and testosterone cypionate

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drug used for osteoporosis prevention and treatment

side effects: retinal vascular occlusion, venous thromboembolism, hot flashes, leg cramps

contraindications: pregnancy, history or presence of venous thromboembolism

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raloxifene

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drugs used for breast cancer, prostate cancer, endometriosis, precocious puberty, acute intermittent porphyria

side effects: DVT (g and e), pituitary apoplexy (l), hot flashes, gynecomastia, osteoporsis, transient pain, sexual dysfunction

contraindications: hypersensitivity to LHRH or analogues, pregnancy

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goserelin, histrelin, leuprolide, nafarelin

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drug used for ovulation induction (g and c), and prostate cancer

side effects: QT interval prolongation, ectopic pregnancy, thrombotic disorder, spontaneous abortion, anaphylaxis, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

contraindications: pregnancy, lactation, ovarian cysts, PCOS, primary ovarian failure, sex hormone dependent tumors, thyroid or adrenal dysfunction, vaginal bleeding of unknown etiology

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ganirelix, cetrorelix, abarelix