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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vitamin Definition
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Required for normal metabolic function, not synthesized by the body, must be supplied from exogenous source
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Causse of vitamin deficiencies
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-Inadequate Intake
-Disturbances in Abosorption -Increased Tissue Requirements -Drug Induced Deficiency |
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Causes of Inadequate vitamin intake
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-Malnutrition
-Bad Diet -Alcoholism -Weight Loss |
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Causes of Disturbance in Absorption
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-Liver/biliary disease
-Chronic Diarrhea -Hyperthyroidism -Pernicious Anemia -Sprue, GI disease -Antibiotics |
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Causes of Increased tissue requirement
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-Growth
-Preg/lact -menstraution -Hyperthyroid -fever/stress |
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Causes of drug induced deficiency
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-Antibiotics (Isoniazid, cycloserine -TB)
-Penicillamine -Hydralazine |
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Which vitamins are most toxic?
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Fat Soluble vitamins-They can accumulate in the body fat and build up to toxil levels.
Example-Vitamin A and D |
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Thiamine B1 Deficiency
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BeriBeri
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BeriBeri symptoms
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-Increased blood pyruvic acid and Lactic acid
-reduced blood transketolase -Loss of appetite -Peripheral Neuritis (dry beriberi) -Cardiovascular problems (wet beriberi) -Wernickes encephalopathy -Korsakoffs psychosis -visual problems |
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Populations at risk for Beriberi
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-Alcoholics
-Renal Dialysis -Chronic Febrile infections -furosemide (long term diuretic) -aids patients -infants eating white rice -pregnancy |
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Thiamine B1 toxicity
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-Rare-
-ha, insomnia, nausea, gi bleeding, pulmonary edema, resp distress, vascular collapse, death |
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Thiamine B1 Uses in therapy
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ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL
-Seizures -delirium -arrhythmias |
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Riboflavin B2
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Component of FMN, FAD, Flavin nucleotides
Has coenzyme function |
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Thiamine B1
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Cofactor for enzymes involved in decarboxylation and the pentose hexosemonophosphate shunt
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Riboflavin B2 deficiency states
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-sore throat
-angular stomatitis (raw corners of mouth) -glossitis -Dermatitis -Ulceration of cornea -Pigmentatin of iris -peripheral neuropathy -anemia |
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People at risk for riboflavin B2 deficiency
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-Biliary obstruction
-Alcoholics -Esophageal cancer -infants using UV light for bilirubin therapy-destroys riboflavin too |
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Riboflavin toxicity
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NONE
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Riboflavin uses in therapy
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To treat deficiencies
-alcoholics -biliary obstruction |
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Riboflavin b2 drug interactions
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Chlorpromazine (antipsychotic) and imipramine (antidepresint)
interfere with riboflavin conversion to FMN |
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Nicotinic Acid, Niacin B3
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Coenzyme NAD, NADP
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Niacin deficiency
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Dermatitis (pellagra)
Dementia Diarrhea 3d's of niacin deficiency |
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people at risk for niacin deficiency
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-Alcoholics
-individuals who eat primarily corn (tryptophan-> nicotinic acid, corn is LOW in tryptophan) -Debilitated patients |
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Niacin toxicity at low dose
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vasodilation
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Niacin toxicity at intermediat dose
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gi Distress, pruritis
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Niacin toxicity at high dose
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liver toxicity, glucose intolerance, cardiac arrythmia, pigmented hyperkeratosis
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Niacin uses in therapy
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-Pellagra
-Antilipemic -Hartnups disease |
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Pyroxidine B6
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Coenzyme
-transamination -oxidases -decorboxylases -aminoacid metabolism |
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Pyroxidine B6 deficiency symptoms
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-skin problems
-anemia -cns |
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Pyroxidine b6 drug interactions
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Isoniazid
cycloserine penicillamine hydralazine use of these drugs requires B6 supplementation |
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Pyroxidine B6 toxicity
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acute-none
chronic-maybe peripheral neuropathy |
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B6 uses in therapy
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-treat drug induced deficiency
-huntingtons chorea -infants with convulsions -sideroblastic anemia -carpal tunnel syndrome |
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b6 interaction with FOLATE
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may develop folate deficiency if taking large doses of b6
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b6 interactions with levodopa
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B6 increases PERIPHERAL metabolism of levadopa to dopamine, instead of CNS metabolism->decreased effects of lovodopa on treatment of parkinsons
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B6 interactions with phenytoin/phenobarbital
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Decreased serum levels of these anticonvulsive drugs, buy up to 50%
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Pantothenic Acid B5 Uses in therapy
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-Treat other B vitamin deficiency
-Wound healing -Decreased postoperative abdominal distention |
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Pantothenic Acid drug interactions
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none
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