Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What factors contribute to Med errors? |
Poor lighting, noise, interruptions, workload, other factors prepping more than one. |
|
|
What is the meaning of redundancy system? |
Process of medication prescription and delivery in which each person checks of drug dosage for accuracy. |
|
|
5 rights and 3 checks |
Right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, right time, check it when you pull it, check it when you pop it, check it when you administer it. |
|
|
Dimensional analysis |
Newer method of calculating drug doses based on fractions |
|
|
System of measurement |
Metric equals gram, liter, meter |
|
|
Apothecary |
Grains, drams |
|
|
Why would a liquid medication be ordered? |
Child, feeding tube, Intravenous muscle, intravenous, too ill to swallow pills |
|
|
Types of |
Mg / ml, ratio form, mg / teaspoon |
|
|
Forms |
Disposable cartridges or syringes, ampules or vials, reconstituted |
|
|
An older adult client states that he takes 5 grains of aspirin every day. The nurse would determine that the client takes how many milligrams every day?
|
300 mg.. One grain is equivalent to 60 mg. So 5 grains would be equivalent to 300 mg. Using the ratio and proportion method 1 grain/60 mg = 5 grains/X: Cross multiply to determine 300 mg = 5 grains.
|
|
|
The nurse using the manual redundacy system checks all medications for accuracy. To catch potential errors in drug preparation, the nurse must perform which?
|
five rights and three checks... The best method of error detection in medication preparation and administration is the manual redundacy system. In this system, each person in the process of medication prescription and delivery checks the drug dosage for accuracy. Nurses perform the "five rights and three checks" to catch a potential error in drug preparation. The metric system is a unit of conversion used in drug dosage. Dimensional analysis is a method to perform calculations that focuses on the units of measure, thereby eliminating the need to memorize equations. The bar code check is one of the technological changes that can detect errors made by health care providers.
|
|
|
The nursing student learns that the apothecary system was at one time used for weight but was recently eliminated for which reasons?
|
It produced a high rate of errors... The apothecary system at one time was used for weight measurement not volume. In the weight measure often grains were used, such as grains of medication which is not an exact science since some grains are larger than others as well as more dense. In 1994, the Institute for Safe Medication Practices recommended to eliminate this system because of the high rate of errors it produced. This decision had nothing to do with the ease of memorization. The apothecary system was used for all doses and not just large ones.
|
|
|
The student nurse is studying common fractions as they apply to the healthcare setting. What is true about common fractions?
|
the numerator is part of the whole number and is the top number.. The numerator refers to a part of the whole and is the top number. The denominator refers to the total number of parts and is the number on the bottom. Decimal fractions are fractions in which 10 is always the denominator.
|
|
|
The nurse multiplies and divides simple fractions when calculating drug doses for clients. Which fraction is a result of multiplying 2/5 by 5/8?
|
1/4.. When multiplying fractions, the nurse would multiply straight across the numerators to get the new numerator, multiply the denominators straight across to get the new denominator and then reduce the fraction to the lowest term. 2 x 5 = 10; 5 x 8 = 40; 10/40 = 1/4 when reduced.
|
|
|
A nurse is preparing to administer a parenteral medication. Which form of the medication will be used?
|
liquid.. All drugs administered parenterally must be administered in liquid form. A suspension has large particulates that settle and are administered orally after being shaken. An elixir is also an oral medication. A tincture is medication that is dissolved in alcohol and is not for parenteral administration.
|
|
|
The charge nurse is retiring from work after 25 years of service. The staff are bringing potluck for all to enjoy. When planning to make brownies for the party, which measurement system would a nurse use?
|
Household system.. The household system is the measuring system found in recipe books. This system uses the teaspoon as the basic unit of fluid measure and the pound as the basic unit of solid measure. The metric system is used for dosage calculations as well as engineering standards. The apothecary system was a unit of measurement based on weight, but was not fully accurate so is no longer used. The avoirdupois system is a system of weights based on a pound of 16 ounces or 7,000 grains, widely used in English-speaking countries.
|
|
|
A child weighs 40 lbs. The medication order reads: 0.5 mg/kg of body weight. The nurse should administer what dose?
|
9.. A child who weighs 40 lb weighs 18 kg (2.2 lb = 1 kg). To determine the dosage, the nurse would set up the following ratio and proportion: 0.5 mg/1 kg = X mg/18 kg Cross-multiplying and solving for X: X = 18 × 0.5 which equals 9 mg.
|
|
|
The nurse is calculating the client's intake and output record and converts ounces to milliliters. What systems is this nurse converting from and to?
|
From household to metric..Ounces can be either household or Avoirdupois, although they are not equal measurements and milliliters is a metric measurement. Since Avoirdupois to metric is not an available choice, the correct answer is household to metric.
|
|
|
The health care provider orders acetaminophen 15 mg/kg q4 hours PRN (as needed) for an infant’s pain. The drug is supplied with 160 mg/5 mL. The infant weighs 12 pounds. How many mL of medication should the nurse administer?
|
2.5.. Begin by converting the infant's weight to kilograms (12 pounds ÷ 2.2 pounds/kg = 5.45 kg). The order says to give 15 mg/kg. To determine this child's dosage multiply weight and 15 mg/kg (5.45 kg × 15 mg/kg = 81.75 mg/dose). Finally, use the ratio and proportion method to calculate how to prepare the medication: 160 mg/5 mL = 81.75 mg/X mL; cross-multiplying yields 2.5 mL.
|
|
|
A young mother asks the nurse why she cannot give her 2-year-old child an adult dose of acetaminophen. The nurse explains why this is unsafe. What statement would indicate that the mother needs further education?
|
“My baby's dose of acetaminophen is based on a healthy adult male.”.. A child's dose is never based on an adult's dose. However, on rare occasions a child's dose might be higher than normal if a critical concentration cannot be reached with a smaller dose and a higher dose would not be harmful. Benefits from the increased dosage would have to out weight the risk for adverse or toxic effects. A child's organs may not be mature enough to handle drugs causing drug metabolism to be altered. A child's dosages are determined by the age, weight, or body surface.
|
|
|
The nurse, when using the method of dispensing drugs in which each tablet or capsule is packaged separately. Which dispensing method is this?
|
unit-dose method.. The unit dose method is the most common type of labelling seen in hospitals. In this method, each capsule or tablet is packaged separately. On the label, the type of preparation is specified. No such type of dispensing methods are called generic, trade, or dosage strength. These instead are information included on the label, which helps in providing for correct dosage.
|
|
|
The nurse is converting grams to milligrams. How would the nurse move the decimal point?
|
3 places to the right... To convert from large to small, the nurse would move the decimal point to the right. In this case 1 g = 1,000 mg; therefore, the decimal point would move three places to the right.
|
|
|
When the nurse uses ratio and proportion to complete drug calculations, which formula would have the most potential for error?
|
1 mg.: 1,0000 mcg = X mg: 0.620 mcg ..Errors are a frequent problem when zeros (0) are involved. The trailing zero in 0.620 may cause an error if it is misinterpreted as another figure. It should correctly be written as 0.62.
|
|
|
The nurse is to infuse 100 mL of 5% dextrose and water solution containing an IV antibiotic over 30 minutes. The infusion set delivers 10 gtt/mL. How many drops per minute will the nurse administer?
|
33 gtt/min.. Use the following ratio to determine how many drops of fluid to administer per minute: (drops/minute) = [(mL solution prescribed x drops delivered per mL) / (time in minutes)] Using the information from this problem: (drops/minute) = [(100 x 10) / 30] =(1000 / 30) = 33.3 Because it is not possible to deliver 0.3 drops, round 33.3 to 33 gtt/min.
|
|
|
The nurse recognizes that what system is being used when seeing a medication ordered in minims?
|
Apothecary.. The apothecary system used minims as the basic measure of liquid and is rarely used today. The metric system uses liters as the basic unit of measurement for fluid, while the household system uses ounces and the avoirdupois system uses ounces with a different conversion amount.
|
