Pharmacology Of Hypothalamus And Pituitary Gland

Front 1

drug used for growth failure in children with GH deficiency, Turner's Syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, and chronic kidney disease; idiopathic short stature, replacement of endogenous GH in adults with GH deficiency, AIDS wasting or cachexia

side effects: leukemia, increased intracranial pressure, pancreatitis, rapid growth of malanocyte lesions, hyperglycemia, peripheral edema, injection site reaction, arthralgia, headache

contraindication: closed epiphyses, active underlying intracranial lesion, active malignancy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy

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somatotropin, somatrem

Front 2

drug ued for diagnostic evaluation of decreased GH, treatment of GH deficiency, GH therapy in children with tertiary deficiency

side effects: transient flushing, chest tightness, injection site reaction, antibody development

contraindications: use with another drug that affects pituitary gland

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Sermorelin

Front 3

investigational GH and IGF replacement

may cause flushing, weight gain, drowsiness

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hexarelin, ghrelin

Front 4

drug used for Laron dwarfism, GH deficiency with neutralizing antibodies

side effects: hypoglycemia, slipped upper femoral epiphysis, raised intracranial pressure, seizure, tonsillar hypertrophy, injection site reaction

contraindications: closed epiphyses, suspected or active neoplasm

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mecasermin

Front 5

drug used for acromegaly, flushing and diarrhea from carcinoid tumors, carcinoid crisis, diarrhea from VIPomas

side effects: arrhythmias, bradycardia, hypoglycemia, gallstone, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting

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octreotide

Front 6

drug used for VIPomas, carcinoid tumors, enterocutaneous and pancreatic fistulas, short bowel syndrome

side effects: arrhythmias, erythroderma, life threatening water retention, glucose intolerance

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somatostatin

Front 7

drug used for acromegaly

side effects: increased pituitary adenoma size, elevated LFTs, hypertension, pripheral edema, paresthesias, dizziness

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Pegvisomant

Front 8

drug used for amenorrhea and galactorrhea from hyperprolactinomemia, acromegaly, parkinson's, premenstrual syndrome, cushings, hepatic encephalopathy, neuroleptic malignant syndrome

side effects: cerebral vascular accident, seizure, acute MI, dizziness, hypotension, abdominal cramps, nausea

contraindations: sensitivity to ergot derivatives, uncontrolled hypertension, toxemia of pregnancy

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Bromocriptine

Front 9

drugs used for parkinsons (P adn c) and hyperprolactinemia

side effects: arrhythmias, MI, HF, pulmonary fibrosis adn pleural effusion, nausea, dizziness, dyskinesia, dystonia, hallucinations, somnolence, orthostatic hypotension, rhinitis

hypersensitivity to ergot derivatives, uncontrolled hypertension

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Pergolide, Quinoglide, Cabergoline

Front 10

drug used in the diagnosis of thyroid function

side effects: seizure, amaruosis fugax in patients with pituitary tumors, anxiety, diaphoresis, hyper and hypotension

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protirelin

Front 11

drug used in the diagnosis of malignant tumor of thyroid gland

side effects: anaphylactoid reaction with repeated administration, nausea, vomiting, asthenia, headache

contraindications: adrenal insufficiency, coronary thrombosis

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Thyrotropin

Front 12

drugs used in the diagnosis of adenocortical function, exacerbation of multiple sclerosis, severe allergic reactions, collagen disorder, dermatologic disorders, inflammation, infantile spasms

side effects: increased intracranial pressure with papilledema, pseudotumor cerebri, seizures, HF, necrotizing vasculitis, shock, pancreatitis, peptic ulceration, hypkalemic alkalosis, inducition of latent diabetes mellitus, bronchospasm, dizziness

contraindications: peptic ulcer, scleroderma, osteoporosis, systemic fungal infections, ocular herpes simplex, HF, hyertension, sensitivity to pork, recent surgery, adrenocortical hyperfunction, cushings

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corticotropin adn cosyntropin

Front 13

drug used for hypogoadism stimulate ovulation

side effects: anaphylaxis with multiple administrations, lightheadedness, flushing, headache

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gonadorelin

Front 14

drug used for breast cancer, prostate cancer, endometriosis, precocious puberty, acute intermittent porphyria

side effects: deep venous thrombosis, pituitary apoplexy, hot flashes, gynocomastia, osteoporosis, transient pain, sexual dysfunction

contraindication: pregnancy

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goserelin, histrelin, luprolide, nafarelin

Front 15

drug used for ovulation induction, male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

side effects: embolism adn thrombosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, ovarian cysts and hypertrophy, URI

contraindication: any endocrine disorder other than anovulatin, abnormal uterine bleeding, primary gonadal failure, pituitary tumor, ovarian cyst or enlargement of unknown origin, pregnancy, sex hormone dependent tumors, thyroid or adrenal dysfunction

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Follitropin and urofollitropin

Front 16

drug used for ovulation induction (g and c) and prostate cancer (a)

side effects: AT interval prolongation (a), ectpic pregnancy, thrombotic disorder, spontaneous abortion(g), anaphylaxis (c), ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

contraindication: pregnancy, lactation, ovarian cyst or enlargement not due to PCOS, primary ovarian failure, sex hormone dependent tumors, thyroid or adrenal dysfunction, vaginal bleeding of unknown etiology

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Ganirelix, cetrorelix, abarelix

Front 17

drugs used for euvolemic hyponatremia, HF

side effects: hypertension, orthostatic hypotension, injection site reaction, hypokalemia, increased thirst, polyuria

contraindication: concurrent use of potent P450 3A4 inhibitors, hypovolemic hyponatremia

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conivaptan, and tolvaptan