Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Why was halothane good?
|
Low blood solubility, Non-flammable, non-pungent, minimal N & V
|
|
|
Why was halothane discontinued?
|
Halothane hepatitis, cardiac irritability in the presence of epinephrine
|
|
|
What pungent drug replaced halothane because it undergoes minimal metabolism? It is still used today.
|
Isoflurane
|
|
|
What is one advantage of halothane over isoflurane?
|
Isoflurane cannot be used for a conscious patient.
|
|
|
What is the most important IV anesthetic drug that looks milky?
|
Propofol
|
|
|
Name an undesired side effect of general anesthesia.
|
Loss of autonomic tone (thus N & V, drop in blood pressure)
|
|
|
What is balanced anesthesia?
|
No single drug can provide all the desired effects, so many are used in combination.
|
|
|
What is the general structure of general anesthetics?
|
has an ether group
|
|
|
What were the Guedel stages made for?
|
To determine if the patient was in too light or too deep of sleep.
|
|
|
What are the characteristics of stage I anesthesia?
|
Diminished ability to perceive pain.
Normal respiration Normal memory |
|
|
What are some characteristics of Stage II anesthesia?
|
Called the stage of excitement
Memory impaired delirious Irregular breathing Incontinence |
|
|
What Guedel stage is ideal for surgery?
|
Stage III
|
|
|
Since in stage III, the eye signs are gone, what do anesthesiologists do to determine if a patient is in stage III?
|
Loss of lash reflex.
|
|
|
What Guedel stage is too deep? Why?
|
Stage IV. Hypotension
|
|
|
What is the MAC?
|
Minimal Alveolar Concentration. Amount of gas that puts half the population to sleep.
|
|
|
What are the four very important parameters when considering the pharmacokinetics of anesthetics?
|
Solubility
Concentration of inspired gas Pulmonary Ventilation Pulmonary Blood Flow |
|
|
How slow or fast does a anesthetic with a low solubility put a patient to sleep?
|
Faster onset
|
|
|
At the start of a case, would you use a higher or lower Concentration of inspired gas?
|
Much higher (2-3 times the MAC)
|
|
|
How is pulmonary ventilation changed to keep someone asleep?
|
Ventilation increased for deeper sleep and decreased for lighter sleep
|
|
|
How do inhaled anesthetics work?
|
We don't know
|
|
|
why is nitrous oxide mixed in with the other agents?
|
Because it WILL stimulate vitals
|
|
|
What effect do anesthetics have on respiration?
|
Although the increase RR, they will decrease tidal volume in a dose dependent fashion.
|
|
|
What drug(s) cause cardiac rhythm effects?
|
Halothane
|
|
|
What effects do the anesthetics have on the brain.
|
Increase intracranial pressure
|
|
|
What is the danger in thiopental?
|
Deceptively easy to kill people with it.
|
|
|
Why would you use ketamine?
|
For use in patients who are hypotension. It is a stimulant...used for folks in shock.
|
|
|
Why would you use Etodimate?
|
Used for people with bad heart because it has stable cardiovascular properties
|
|
|
Why is propofol good?
|
Puts 'em down fast and they wake up quick, no N & V
|
|
|
What is a caution when using propofol?
|
Produces cardiovascular effects more powerful than thiopental.
|
