Pharmacology Of Cholinergics

Front 1

inhibitor of acetylcholine synthesis, storage, and release used for focal dystonia, torticollis, achalasia, strabismus, blepharospasm, pain syndrome, winkles, hyperhidrosis

side effects: cardiac arrhythmia, syncope, hepatotoxicity, anaphylaxis, injection site pain, dyspepsia, dysphagia, muscle weakness, neck pain, eyelid ptosis, fever

contrindications: infection at proposed injection site

Back 1

botulinum toxin

Front 2

inhibitors of acetylcholine degradation used for the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis, Eaton Lambert syndrome, and disorders of muscle weakness; urinary or GI motility agent, glaucoma, neuromuscular junction diseases(n, py, a); reversal anticholinergic toxicity/induced paralysis in surgery (ph)

side effects: seizure, bronchospasm, cardiac arrhythmia, bradycardia, cardiac arrest, hypotension/hypertension, salivation, lacrimation, diaphoresis, vomiting, diarrhea, miosis

contraindications: mechanical interstinal or urinary obstruction, concomitant choline ester or depolarizating neuromuscular blocker use, cardiovascular disease

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Edrophonium, neostigmine, pyridostigmine, ambenomium, physostigmine

Front 3

inhibitors of acetylcholine degradation sometimes encountered as a toxin

side effects: respiratory paralysis, bradycardia, bronchospasm, fasciculations, muscle cramps, weakness, CNS depression, agitation, confusion, delerium, coma, brochorrhea, salivation, lacrimation, diaphoresis, vomiting, diarrhea, miosis

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Diisopropyl fluorophosphate

Front 4

inhibitors of acetylcholine degradation used for mild to moderate Alzheimer's and dementia

side effects: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, cramps, anorexia, vivid dream

contraindications: treatment associated liver function test abnormalities

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Tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine

Front 5

muscarinic receptor agonist usd for diagnois of asthma

side effects: dyspnea, lightheadedness, headache, pruritis, throat irritation

contraindications: recent heart attack or stroke, aortic aneurysm, uncontrolled hypertension

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methacholine

Front 6

muscarinic receptor agonist used for glaucoma(c), urinary tract motility agent (b), xerostomia in Sjogren's syndrome (ce and p)

side effects: sweating, shivering, nausea, dizziness, increased frequency of urination, rhinitis(oral)

contraindications: acute iritis or glaucoma after cataract extraction; narrow angle glaucoma

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carbachol, bethanechol, cevimeline, pilocarpine

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nicotinic receptor agonist used for induction of neuromuscular blockade in surgery, intubation

side effects: bradyarrhythmia, cardiac arrest, cardiac arrhythmia, malignant hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, respiratory depression, muscle rigidity, myalgia, raised intraocular pressure

contraindications: personal/family history of malignant hyperthermia, skeletal muscle myopathies, upper motor neuron injury, extensive denervation of skeletal muscle

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succinylcholine

Front 8

mucarinic receptor antagonist used for anticholinesterase overdose, acute symptomatic bradycardia, premedication for anesthetic procedure, excessive salivation adn mucus secretion during surgery, antidote to mushroom poisoning

side effects: cardiac arrhythmia, coma, respiratory depression, raised intraocular pressure, tachycardia, constipation, xerostomia, blurred vision

contraindications: narrow-angle glaucoma

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atropine

Front 9

muscarinic receptor antagonist used for motion sickness, nausea, vomiting

side effects: alteration in HR, drug induced psychoss, somnolence, xerostomia, blurred vision

contraindications: narrow angle glaucoma

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scopolamine

Front 10

muscarinic receptor antagonist used for peptic ulcer disease, surgically induced or vagally induced bradycardia

side effects: cardiac arrhythmia, malignant hyperthermia, anaphylaxis, seizure, constipation, xerostomia, urinary retention, decreased sweating

contraindications: GI obstruction, narrow angle glaucoma

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Pirenzepine, methscopolamine, glycopyrrolate

Front 11

drug used for COPD and asthma

side effects: pralytic ileus, anaphylaxis, oropharyngeal edema, abnormal taste in mouth, xerostomia

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ipratropium and tiotropium

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drugs used for hyperreflexic adn overactive bladder and urge incontinence

side effects: constipation, diarrhea, nausea, dry mouth, application site erythema, pruritus

contraindication: narrw angle glaucoma

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oxybutynin, propantheline, terodiline, tolterodine, trospium, darifenacin, solifenacin

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nicotinic receptor antagonist used for induction of neuromuscular blockade in surgery and intubation

side effects: hypertension, tachyarrhythmia, apnea, bronchospasm, respiratory failure, salivation, flushing (mivacurium)

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pancuronium, tubocurarine, vecuronium, rocuronium, mivacurium

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nicotinic receptor antagonist used for hypertension in patients with acute aortic dissection

side effects: paralytic ileus, urinary retention, respiratory arrest, syncope, orthostatic hypotension, dyspepsia, diplopia, sedation

contraindications:
t: asphyxia, uncorrected respiratory insufficiency, neonates at risk for paralytic or meconium ileus, shock

m: coronary insufficiency, glaucoma, recent MI, pyloric stenosis, renal insufficiency, patients treated with sulfonamides

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trimethaphan and mecamylamine