Pharmacology Of Abnormal Electrical Neurotransmission In Cns

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sodium channel inhibitor used for partial and secondary generalized seizure, status epileptiucs, non-epileptic seizures, seizures related to eclampsia, neuralgia, ventricular arrhythmias unresponsive to lidocain or procainamide, arrhythmias induced by cardiac glycosides

side effects: agranulocytosis, leukopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, megaloblastic anemia, hepatitis, steven-johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, ataxia, nystagmus, incoordination, confusion, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, facial coarsening

contraindication: hydantoin hypersensitivity,sinus bradycardia, SA node block, Stokes-Adams syndrome

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phenytoin

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sodium channel blocker used for partial an tonic-clonic seizures, bipolar I disorder, trigeminal neuralgia

side effects: aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, AV block, arrhythmia, Steven-Johnson syndrome, toxic epiderma necrolysis, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, SIADH, porphyria, hepatitis, nephrotoxicity, BP lability, rash, confusion, nystagmus, blurred vision

contraindication: concomitant use of MAOI, hostory of bone marrow depression

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carbamazepine

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sodium channel inhibitor used for partial adn tonic-clonic seizures, atypical absence seizures, bipolar I disorder

side effects: stevens-johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, bone marrow suppression, hepatic necrosis, amnesia, angioedema, rash, ataxia, somnolence, blurred vision

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lamotrigine

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calcium channel inhibitor used for absence seizures

side effects: steven-johnson syndrome, bone marrow suppression, SLE, seizures, GI irritation, ataxia, somnolence

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ethosuximide

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calcium channel inhibitor used for tonic-clonic seizures, absence seizures, atypical absence seizures, partial seizures

side effects: hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, thrombocytopenia, hyperammonemia, GI irritation, weight gain, ataxia, sedation, tremor

contraindications: liver disease, urea cycle disorders

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valproic acid

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calcium channel blocker used for partial seizures, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, prophylaxis of migraine

side effects: steven-johnson syndrome, sedation, dizziness, ataxia,fatigue, GI irritation

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gabapentin

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GABA channel potentiators used for partial and tonic-clonic seizures (d,l,m), absence seizures (c), status epilepticus, anxiety, alcohol withdrawal

side effects: ataxia, dizziness, somnolence, fatigue

contraindications: acute narrow-angle glaucoma, untreated open-angle glaucoma

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Benzodiazepines: diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam, clonazepam

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GABA channel potentiators used for partial and tonic-clonic seizure, insomnia, preoperative sedation

side effects: Steven-Johnson syndrome, bone marrow suppression, hepatotoxicity, osteopenia, sedation, ataxia, confusion, dizziness, decreased libido, depression

contraindication: porphyria, severe liver dysfunction, respiratory disease

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barbiturates: phenobarbital

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glutamate receptor inhibitor used for refractory epilepsy, especially partial and tonic-clonic seizures

side effects: aplastic anemia, bone marrow depression, hepatic failure, Stevens-johnson syndrome, photosensitivity, GI irritation, abnormal gait, dizziness

contraindications: blood dyscrasia, liver disease

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felbamate

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antiepileptic used for partial and tonic-clonic seizures as adjunct therapy

side effects: unexplained sudden death, confusion, sedation, dizziness, depression, psychosis, GI irritation

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tiagabine

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antiepileptic used for partial adn tonic-clonic seizures as adjunct therapy

side effects: sedation, psychomotor slowing, fatigue, speech or language problems, renal stones

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Topiramate

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antiepileptic used for partial seizures as adjunct therapy

side effects: anemia, leukopenia, sedation, fatigue, incoordination, psychosis

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Levetiracetam

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antiepileptic used for partial and tonic-clonic seizures

side effects: sedation, dizziness, confusion, headache, anorexia, renal stones

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zonisamide