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43 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Barbiturates |
CNS Depressant
MOA: reduces nerve impulses traveling to the cerebral cortex
Given as: hypnotic, sedative, anti-convulsant
*Contraindication: pregnancy, liver disease* |
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Benzodiazapines |
CNS Depressant
MOA: depress activity in brain (hypothalamus, thalamus, and limbic system.
Given for: calming effects; sedation, sleep, skeletal muscle relaxant, decrease anxiety, lessen alcohol withdrawal
*Contraindication: pregnancy, glaucoma* |
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Muscle Relaxants |
CNS Depressant
MOA: Most depress nerve transmission in the spinal cord. Dantrolene acts directly on the excitation-contraction of muscle fibers.
Given to: relieve painful musculoskeletal conditions and muscle spasms
*Contraindication: renal impairment* |
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NURSING PROCESS for CNS DEPRESSANTS and MUSCLE RELAXANTS |
Assess: mental status, sleep diary, vitals, neuro assessment Nurs. Diagnosis: gas exchange, knowledge, sleep, injury Planning/Outcomes: free of resp. depression, injury & normal sleep pattern Implementation: monitor safety, sleep, abuse, toxicity
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ADHD/ Narcolepsy Agents |
CNS Stimulant
MOA: stimulates the areas of the cerebral cortex and thalamus associated with mental alertness. Increase dopamine/norepinephrine synapses-- block reuptake.
Given to: treat ADHD and narcolepsy
*Contraindications- glaucoma, tic disorders MAOI use* Do not give w/ other stimulants |
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Anorexiants |
CNS Stimulant
MOA: acts by suppressing appetite control centers in the brain. Inhibits reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin.
Given to: treat obesity
*Contraindications: Serious CV disease, uncontrolled hypertension, hyperthyroidism, glaucoma , mental agitation, drug abuse history, eating disorders. * |
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Antimigraine Drugs |
CNS Stimulant
MOA: cerebral arteries constrict-- serotonin receptor agonists act by stimulating receptors in cerebral arteries to vasoconstrict, and reduce the production of inflammatory neuropeptides
Given for: acute migraine headaches
*Contraindication: serious CV disease (bc of vasoconstriction)* |
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Analeptics |
CNS Stimulant
MOA: Stimulates the medulla and the spinal cord (that control respiration.) Relaxes smooth muscle in respiratory tract, dilates pulmonary arterioles, and stimulates general CNS
Given for: neonatal apnea, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (disease affecting infants/children that have been on ventilators- no cure, just treatment,) respiratory depression- after anesthesia & drug abuse, Hypercapnia (too much CO2 in blood) with COPD
*Contraindications: peptic ulcer disease, and serious CV conditions*
DO NOT give with other stimulants |
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What type of drug has ALLERGY as its contraindication? |
EVERY DRUG, I just did not want to write it out everytime |
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NURSING PROCESS for CNS STIMULANTS |
Assess: Baseline height/weight, nutritional assessment, growth/development, sleep habits, CV hx, drug hx
Nur diagnosis: Anxiety, knowledge, CV, sleep, nutrition, pain
Plan/outcome, implementation, evaluation are pretty self- explanatory |
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Antacids |
Acid-Controlling Drug
MOA: neutralizes gastric acidity by stimulating production of mucous, prostaglandins, and bicarbonate from gastric glands.
Given for: acute relief of symptoms associated with PUD, gastritis, hyperacidity, and heartburn
*Contraindications- severe renal failure, and electrolyte disturbance* Generally want to take 1-2 hrs away from other meds b/c can reduce absorption
*risk for infection bc acid in stomach kills bacteria |
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H2 Antagonists |
Acid-Controlling Drug
MOA: block the H2 receptor of acid producing parietal cells and decrease the responsiveness to histamine and gastrin
Given to: treat GERD, PUD, erosive esophagitis, and upper GI bleeding
*Contraindications: liver, kidney dysfunction, smoking (decreases effectiveness) *
-a little stronger than antacids -also may inhibit the absorption of drugs in GI tract |
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Proton Pump Inhibitors |
Acid-Controlling Drug Very strong
MOA: Blocks 98-99% of gastric secretions by binding to the hydrogen-potassium-ATPase-pump mechanism blocking the enzyme that results in total blockage of hydrogen ion secretion from the parietal cell.
*risk for GI tract infections due to decreased acid-mediated antimicrobial protection |
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NURSING PROCESS for ANTACIDS |
MAKE SURE THEY CHEW, not swallow!
Assess: GI tract related illness, abdomen, bowel patterns, renal and liver fx
Nurs Diagnosis: Pain, elimination, knowledge
Plan: decreased pain, decreased GI effects, compliance
Implementation: consumed properly, 1-2hrs from other meds, monitor for GI bleed & gastric irritation
Evaluation: degree of relief |
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Anticholineric |
Antiemetic Drug
MOA: blocks acetylcholine in the vestibular nuclei
Given to: treat motion sickness
*dizziness, tachycardia, rash |
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Antihistamines |
Antiemetic Drug
MOA: inhibit vestibular stimulation
Given to: treat motion sickness
*dizziness, blurred vision, urinary retention, drowsiness |
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Neuroleptics |
Antiemetic Drug
MOA: block dopamine receptors in CTZ
Given to: treat hiccups that cause N & V
*orthostatic hypotension, dry mouth, extrapyramidal symptoms (drug induced movements) |
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Prokinetics |
Antiemetic Drug
MOA: block dopamine receptors in CTZ
Given to: treat N & V associated with delayed gastric emptying and GERD
* hypotension, sedation, fatigue, dry mouth |
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Serotonin Blockers |
Antiemetic Drug
MOA: block serotonin receptors in the CTZ and GI tract
Given to: treat N & V associates with chemotherapy
* H/A, diarrhea, rash |
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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) |
Antiemetic Drug
MOA: works in many ways; inhibitory effects in cerebral cortex
Given to: treat N & V associated with chemotherapy
*drowsiness, visual disturbances, dry mouth |
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NURSING PROCESS for ANTIEMETIC DRUGS |
Assess: Factors that precipitate N&V: skin, mucous membranes, turgor, color, cap refill, hx of narrow angle glaucoma, patient's appearance, behavior, emotional status, speech patterns
Nursing Diagnosis: Injury, fluid volume, mobility
Plan/Outcomes: free of injury, normal fluid volume
Implementation: Monitor safety, monitor BP, instruct to avoid alcohol, and other CNS depressants
Evaluation: decrease/eliminate N&V symptoms, and free of complications of fluid and electrolyte imbalance |
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CTZ |
The chemoreceptor trigger zone is an area of the medulla oblongata that receives inputs from blood-borne drugs or hormones, and communicates with other structures in the vomiting center to initiate vomiting (wikipedia.org) yes, I went there |
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GERD |
Gastroesophageal reflux disease, is a digestive disorder that affects the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), the ring of muscle between the esophagus and stomach. (webmd.com) |
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PUD |
Peptic ulcer disease refers to painful sores or ulcers in the lining of the stomach or first part of the small intestine, called the duodenum. (webmd.com) |
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Vestibular Nuclei |
The ___________ are structures in the brains of mammals that are part of the vestibular system, which provides the organism with its sense of balance. (wisegeek.com) |
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Adrenergics (3 types) |
Alpha 1: acts on smooth muscle & cause vasoconstriction (go)
Beta 1: work on heart, raise HR, force of contraction & cardiac conduction (go)
Beta 2: relaxation of bronchi & uterus (slow) |
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Alpha 1 ___________ Beta 1 ____________ Beta 2 ____________ |
Adrenergics
Given to: cause bronchodilation, nasal decongestants, reduce IOP, support the CV system during cardiac failure or shock.
*H/A restlessness, tachycardia, insomnia, euphoria, loss of appetite, dry mouth |
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Alpha blockers |
Adrenergic Blockers
MOA: block the stimulation of the SNS by blocking norepinephrine
Given for: migraines, uterine contractions, peripheral vascular dilation
*Contraindications- Peripheral vascular disease, Coronary artery disease, hepatic and renal disease*
dizzy, fall, sleep, decreased BP- Can happen 1st 2 weeks and then get better |
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Beta blockers |
MOA: blocks SNS norepinephrine &epinephrine from binding to: -B1- (heart) Decreases HR, decrease cardiac output -B2- (lungs) bronchiole constriction and narrowing airways
Given for: angina, decease stress on heart, dysrhythmias, hypertention
** Can cause MI if abruptly stopped |
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SNS |
Sympathetic Nervous System; fight or flight |
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PSNS |
Parasympathetic Nervous System; rest or digest |
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Cholinergics |
Stimulate the Parasympathetic Nervous System
MOA: Directly bind to cholinergic receptor sites (mimic Ach) Indirectly by stimulating the release of Ach at the receptor site
Given to: reduce IOP, treat atony of the GI and MS systems, Alzheimers
*Contraindications GI or GU obstruction, hypotention, bradycardia, COPD*
Do not abruptly stop (not as strongly as B blockers, but still be careful) |
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Cholinergic Blockers |
Inhibit the actions of acetylcholine in the PNS
MOA: compete with Ach for binding at the receptor sites of the PSNS
Given to: decrease muscle rigidity and diminish tremors, relaxes smooth muscle of the bronchi, decrease secretions, treat irritable bowel disease
*Contraindications- narrow angle glaucoma, asthma, respiratory distress, myasthenia gravis (chronic condition that causes muscles to tire and weaken easily,) GI &GU obstruction, cardiac instability
-antihistamines & MAO inhibitors have additive effects |
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ACE Inhibitors |
Antihypertensive
MOA: Block vasoconstriction, and causes BP to decrease
Given for: hypertension and heart failure
**Adverse effects: dry nonproductive cough, fatigue, dizziness, mood swings, H/A
Meds end in ------PRIL |
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ARB (Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers) |
Antihypertensive
MOA: blocks binding of AII to type 1AII receptors thus blocking vasoconstriction and secretion of Aldosterone.
Given for: hypertension and heart failure
*NOT if pregnant or breastfeeding
Teach: get up slowly for the first could of weeks, can cause dizziness |
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CCB (Calcium Channel Blockers) |
Antihypertensive
MOA: Prevents calcium from exciting cardiac and vascular smooth muscle, preventing contraction and promotes relaxation.
Given for: angina, hypertention, supraventricular tachycardia
*Contraindication- acute MI* |
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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors |
Diuretic Agent
MOA: blocks the effects of carbon anhydrase, which prevents hydrogen/sodium exchange in the proximal tubule which will cause sodium and water to be excreted instead of abrorbed.
Given for: glaucoma, edema, epilepsy, high altitude sickness (not just BP)
*Contraindictions- hyponatremia (low sodium in blood,) hypokalemia (low potassium,) severe renal/hypatic dysfunction |
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Loop Diuretics |
Diuretic Agent
MOA: block chloride and sodium reabsorption in the loop of Henle
Given for: hypertention, edems
-Powerful, Strong, -Do NOT give to someone with low potassium! |
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Potassium-Sparing Diuretics |
Diuretic Agent
MOA: blocks reabsorption of sodium and water induced by aldosterone in the distal tubule
Given for: hypertention, hyperaldosternism (too much aldosterone secreted which leads to low levels of potassium in blood)
**NOT with ACE inhibitors, potassium suppliments |
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Thiazide Diuretics |
Diuretic Agent
MOA: inhibit reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and potassium in the distale tubule resulting in osmotic water loss.
Given for: edema, heart failure, hypertension |
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Coumadin |
Coagulation Modifiers
MOA: inhibit Vit K synthesis, which prevents synthesis of Vit K dependent clotting factors
Given to: prevent clot formation
**No kale, No spinach* Check PT (test for how long it takes for clot to form) |
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Heparin |
Coagulation Modifiers
MOA: inhibits thrombin, X, and IX clotting factors
Given to: prevent clot formation
*can be given IV, or subq Check PT and PTT (clotting test to see if Heparin is working) |
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Lovenox |
Coagulation Modifiers
MOA: similar to heparin, but much more specific to factor X-- promotes a more predictable anticoagulant response.
Given to: prevent clot formation, anticoagulant "bridge therapy" |
