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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what lobe/zone is most often involved in prostatic cancer?
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posterior lobe, peripheral zone
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what is a common site of metastases for prostate cancer?
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bone
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what are useful tumor markers for prostate CA
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psa, and prostatic acid phosphatase
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this type of skin cancer has palisading nuclei
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basal cell carcinoma
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dyplastic nevi are a precursor fot this type of cancer
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melanoma
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this type of skin cancer is associated with keratin pearls
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squamous cell carcinoma of skin
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the translocation 11;22 is associated with this cancer of the bone that occurs most commonly in young boys
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ewing's sarcoma
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this tumor is characterized by a "double bubble" or "soap bubble" appearance
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benign giant cell tumor
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this is the most common benign bone tumor, usually in men younger than 25, with a rare transformation to malignancy
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osteochondroma
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Most common adult brain tumor?
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Glioblastoma multiforme (grade IV astrocytoma) See pseudopalisading tumor cells, central necrosis and hemorrhage.
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Second most common adult tumor?
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Meningioma, occurring in convexities of hemispheres and parasagittal region. See psammoma bodies.
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Benign, slow-growing tumor in frontal lobes?
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Oligodendroglioma, look for fried egg appearance, often calcified.
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Third most common tumor, often localized to CN8?
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Schwannoma, see it in acoustic Schwannoma. Antoni A (compact) and Antoni B (loose) patterns.
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Most common forms are prolactin-secreting?
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Pituitary Adenoma, which derives from Rathke's Pouch and can produce secondary bitemporal hemianopsia and hypopituitarism
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Primary Brain Tumors-Child Peak Incidence: Highly malignant cerebellar tumor?
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Medulloblastoma, can compress 4th ventricle and cause hydrocephalus. See rosettes or pseudorosettes.
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Primary Brain Tumors-Child Peak Incidence: Cerebellar tumor associated with von Hippel-Landau syndrome?
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Hemangioblastoma, see foamy cells and high vascularity, can produce excess EPO-->polycythemia.
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Primary Brain Tumors-Child Peak Incidence: Commonly found in fourth ventricle, causing hydrocephalus?
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Ependyomomas, which have perivascular rosettes and rod-shaped blepharoblasts near nucleus on exam.
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Primary Brain Tumors-Child Peak Incidence: Diffusely infiltrating glioma, usually found in posterior fossa?
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Low-grade Astrocytoma
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Primary Brain Tumors-Child Peak Incidence: Benign tumor often confused with pituitary adenoma?
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Craniopharyngioma, which also is derived from Rathke's pouch, also presents with bitemporal hemianopsia, also calcified.
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To Brain?
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Lung, Breast, Skin (melanoma), Kidney (renal cell carcinoma), GI. Lots of Bad Stuff Kills Glia. 50% of brain tumors are due to metastases.
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To liver?
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Colon>Stomach>Pancreas>Breast>Lung. Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Benign Liver. Metastases much more common than primary liver tumors.
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To bone?
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Breast, lung, thyroid, testes, kidney, prostate.=> "BLT with a Kosher Pickle."
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Most common organ receiving metastases?
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Adrenal medulla, then cortex.
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Most common organ sending metastases?
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Lung>Breast/Stomach
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Paraneoplastic effects of tumors: Cushing's Syndrome
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ACTH/ACTH-like peptide from small-cell lung CA
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Paraneoplastic effects of tumors: SIADH
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ADH/ANP from small cell lung CA and intracranial neoplasms.
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Paraneoplastic effects of tumors: Hypercalcemia
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PTH-related peptide/TGF-alpha/TNF-Alpha/IL-2 from squamous cell lung CA, renal cell CA, Breast CA, multiple myeloma, bone metastasis.
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Paraneoplastic effects of tumors: Polycythemia
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EPO from renal cell CA.
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Paraneoplastic effects of tumors: Lambert-Eaton Syndrome
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Antibodies against presynaptic Ca2+ channels at NMJ, generated by Thymomas and bronchogenic CA.
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Paraneoplastic effects of tumors: Gout
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Hyperuricemia due to excess nucleic acid turnover, found in various neoplasms.
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Cancer Epidemiology Male incidence?
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Prostate(32%)>Lung(16%)>Colon and Rectum (12%)
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Cancer Epidemiology Male Mortality?
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Lung(33%)>Prostate(13%)
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Cancer Epidemiology Female incidence?
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Breast (32%)>Lung(13%)>Colorectal(13%)
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Cancer Epidemiology Female Mortality?
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Lung(23%)>Breast(18%)
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