Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
161 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Which psychiatric disorder involves a loss of the perception of reality
|
Schizophrenia
|
|
|
What is not a negative symptom of psychoses?
|
Vocalization of feelings of superhuman strength
|
|
|
The tyep of depression unrelated to external events
|
Involutional
|
|
|
As a group, the atypical antipsychotics produce ( ) nausea and ( ) anticholigernic and sedative effects compared with conentional antispychotics
|
Increased, fewer
|
|
|
Which agents is antipsychotic
|
Zyprexa
|
|
|
In general, lower potency antipsychotic agents will have:
|
more sedation, more peripheral side effects, more autonomic effects
|
|
|
Conventional antipsychotics would have little effect on which symptoms?
|
flat affect
|
|
|
conventional antipsychotics are primarily ( ) antagonists
|
dopamine
|
|
|
Tardive dyskinesia is typically seen in men older than age 40 who have been taking large doses of phenothiazine for 6 months or longer. The onset is graual and the symptoms are exacerbated on drug withdrawl
|
False/True
|
|
|
Extrapyramidal reactions caused by phenothiazines
|
Can be treated with anticholergenic, are disorders of muscle control, and include akathisia
|
|
|
Patients taking conventional antipsychotics can experience severe intermittent TMJ pain as a consequence of?
|
Extrapyramidal side effects
|
|
|
Which atypical antipsychotic is associated with agranulocytosis
|
clozapine
|
|
|
Conventional antipsychotic therapy must often be combined with anti-Parkinson medication of the ( ) type to control excessive extrapyramidal stimulation
|
anticholinergic
|
|
|
Which antipsychotic is available as a long acting injectivle for schizophrenic patients who fail to take their oral meds?
|
fluphenazine
|
|
|
What is recommended to counteract the anticholinergic effects of conventional antipsychotics?
|
sugarless products or artificial saliva
|
|
|
What is associated with trycyclic antidepressants?
|
xerostomia
|
|
|
What is most serious peripheral side effect with use of tricyclic antidepressants
|
cardiac toxicity
|
|
|
what antidepressant is most sedating
|
amitriptyline
|
|
|
what agent is used ot treat nocturnal enuresis
|
imipramine
|
|
|
what trycyclic is used for OCD
|
clomipramine
|
|
|
what dental med must be administered with caution for patients taking tricyclic?
|
anesthetics
|
|
|
what are adverse reactions associated with SSRI
|
nausea and diahhrea and xeroztomia
|
|
|
what antidepressant most likely to cause xerostomia
|
sertraline
|
|
|
bupropion is reserved for patients not taking anything else becase?
|
seizure risk
|
|
|
what antidepressant has black blox warning for liver failure
|
nefazodone
|
|
|
MAOI with drugs and certain foods:
|
Hypertensive crisis
|
|
|
bipolar depression
|
lithium
|
|
|
lithium toxicity
|
muscle rigidity and fasciculations
|
|
|
bipolar disorder category of meds?
|
atypical antipsychotics
|
|
|
T/F Atypical antipsychotics have fewer side effects than conventional antipsychotics
|
TRUE
|
|
|
force should be exerted to open the patients mouth if muscle spasm is present
|
FALSE
|
|
|
conventional antipsychotics may be used as chemical restraint in nursing homes
|
FALSE
|
|
|
chemotrigger zone is a side of action for prochlorperazine and promethaizne
|
TRUE
|
|
|
SSRI tend to produce CNS stimulation rather than CNS depression
|
TRUE
|
|
|
Beta-endorphin is a naturally occuring peptide with opioid like action. It posesses analgesic action but has no addiction potential.
|
true/false
|
|
|
Although morphine has its most potent action on the ( ) classes of opiod receptors, pentazocine has its most potent action on the ( ) classes of opioid receptors.
|
mu, kappa
|
|
|
Pharmacokinetics of opioid analgesics?
|
Metabolized opiods are excreted in urine, however unchanged drug is not.
|
|
|
What do aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and codeine have in common?
|
All analgesic
|
|
|
Opiod used as antitussive
|
dextromethorphan
|
|
|
Patient presents with itching and urticaria after codeine administration why?
|
pharmacologic action of codeine
|
|
|
Most commonly used opiod in dentistru
|
codeine
|
|
|
Potent, short acting, parenterally administered opiod that is commonly used during general anestheis?
|
fentanyl
|
|
|
Opiod most likely to produce dysphoria
|
pentazocine
|
|
|
Analgesia and respiratory depression are known to increase in parallel with increasing dose fo the following opiod analgesics except
|
pentazocine
|
|
|
Only mixed opiod available for oral use
|
pentazocine
|
|
|
Antiinflammatory, antipyretic, analgesica, antiplatelet
|
aspirin
|
|
|
Pharmacokinetics of aspirin?
|
exhibits zero order kinetics
|
|
|
Prostacyclin ( ) aggregation of platelets and thromboxane A2 ( ) aggregation of platelets.
|
Inhibits, stimulates
|
|
|
Substitute for aspirin in patients displaying aspirin hypersensitivty triad
|
codeine
|
|
|
NOT a characteristic of asprin toxicity (salicylism)
|
hepatic necrosis
|
|
|
True about NSAIDS -
|
Many authors agree that the NSAID are the most useful drug group for tx of dental pain
|
|
|
Adverse rxn of NSAIDS
|
precipitated renal insufficiency
|
|
|
Dental pain best managed with
|
Ibuprofen 400mg
|
|
|
Drug of choice for dental pain when NSAID indicated
|
Ibuprofen
|
|
|
Oral administration with ( ) is indicated only as continuation to IV or IM therapy
|
Ketorolac
|
|
|
Most popular COX - 2 specific agent on the market?
|
celecoxib
|
|
|
pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen?
|
when large doses of acetaminophen are ingested, an intermediate metabolite is produced that is thought to be hepatotoxic
|
|
|
Acetaminophen does/does not posess any of these clinically significant effects - antipyretic, antiinflammatory, analgesic
|
Acetaminophen does not posess antiinflammatory. Does posess antipyretic and analgesic
|
|
|
Which of the following choices is true regarding these pharmalogic effects of therapeutic doses of acetaminophen? 1. no effect on cardiovascular system 2. does not produce gastric bleeding, 3. does not affect platelet adhesiveness. 4. does not affect uric acid excretion
|
1,2,3,4
|
|
|
An acute overdose with acetaminophen may damage the
|
liver
|
|
|
accute attack of gout
|
colchicine
|
|
|
xanthine oxidase inhibitor
|
allopurinol
|
|
|
Probenecid and allopurinol both inhibit the synthesis of uric acid
|
FALSE
|
|
|
In the presence of an acidic environment such as infection or inflammation, the amount of free base is reduced; therefore ( ) of the local anesthetic is in the ionized form making anesthesia ( ) difficult
|
More, More. In an acidic environment more is ionized making anestheisa more difficult
|
|
|
Procaine (Novocaine) is metabolized primarily by the
|
Plasma
|
|
|
Lidocaine with epi 1:100,000 provides ( ) duration of pulpal anesthesia
|
60-90 min
|
|
|
Methemoglobinemia reported after use of
|
prilocaine
|
|
|
Prilocaine plain has a duration of action slightly ( ) than mepiciacaine plain, and prilocaine with epi has a duration of action slightly ( ) than lidocaine with epinephrine.
|
Longer, longer
|
|
|
derived from thiophene
|
articaine
|
|
|
both ester and amide?
|
articaine
|
|
|
Approx ( )% articaine metabolized by the liver
|
10-May
|
|
|
Ester local amide
|
tetracaine (pontocaine)
|
|
|
Which agent has greater proportion of alpha to beta adrenergic activity?
|
levonordefrin
|
|
|
Drug interactions with epine?
|
beta adrenergic and tricyclic antidepressants
|
|
|
most common topical local
|
benzocaine
|
|
|
local anesthetics combined for injection free local anesthesia?
|
lidocaine and prilocaine
|
|
|
Alopeia adverse effect of?
|
carbamazepine
|
|
|
Adverse effect of phenytoin
|
hirsutism
|
|
|
narrow therapeutic index because metabolism is saturable?
|
phenytoin
|
|
|
anticonvulsant produces osteomalacia
|
phenytoin
|
|
|
fetal hydantoin syndrome associated with
|
phenytoin
|
|
|
gingival enlargement occurs in what percentage users phenytoin
|
50
|
|
|
cause of phenytoin gingival enlargement
|
unknown
|
|
|
ethsuximide is drug of choice for
|
generalized absence seizures
|
|
|
clonazepam is used?
|
Used as an adjuct to treat ethosuximide resistant absence seizures
|
|
|
gabapentin is
|
effective as an adjunct against partian and generalized tonic-clonic seisures and cabale of inducing CNS effects such as somnolence, dizziness, tremor, ataxia
|
|
|
anticonvulsant that does nto undergo liver metabolism
|
Gabapentin
|
|
|
increasing pH of a solution will cause
|
a greater percentage of weak base in solution to be in the un-ionized form
|
|
|
the ( ) is the most common site for biotransformation
|
liver
|
|
|
The metabolite formed during metabolism is usually ( ) polar and ( ) lipid solble than its parent compound
|
more, less
|
|
|
Which process leads to retention of drug in body
|
passive tubular diffusion in kidneys
|
|
|
what happens when tubular urine is more acid
|
weak bases excreted more rapidly, weak bases excreted more slowly
|
|
|
benzodiazepine for IM administration
|
midazolam
|
|
|
benzo for use in elderly
|
lorazepam
|
|
|
Some benzodiazepines are transformed in the body to active metabolites. The active metabolites are formed during phase II metabolism
|
true,false
|
|
|
clinical effects of benzo in humans at lower dose
|
anxiety reduction and panic reduction
|
|
|
when benzo are used in dentistry to produce consious sedation, appearance of what is endopoint for dose administered
|
ptosis
|
|
|
greatest likelihood to produce amnesia
|
triazolam (halcion)
|
|
|
used ot reverse effects of benzo
|
flumazenil (Romazicon)
|
|
|
decrease effectiveness of benzo
|
tobacco
|
|
|
benzo that is choice for repetitive, intractable seizures that require IV therapy
|
diazepam (Valium)
|
|
|
fast onset and short half life for dental anxiety
|
triazolam (halcion)
|
|
|
barbituates bind to which neurotransmitter
|
GABA
|
|
|
barbituates do not reduce effects of
|
propoxyphene
|
|
|
longest acting barbituate
|
phenobarbital (Luminal)
|
|
|
True of use of choloral hydrate?
|
used for preop sedation of children and safer choice to use benzodiazepine
|
|
|
selective anxiolytic action without hypnotic, anticonvulsant or muslce relaxant properties
|
buspirone
|
|
|
shortes half life
|
saleplon
|
|
|
melatonin receptor agonist
|
ramelton
|
|
|
strongest acting centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant
|
Cyclobenzaprine(Flexeril)
|
|
|
peripheral rather than central muscal relaxant
|
dantrolene
|
|
|
Sedative potentiate analgesica agents
|
TRUE
|
|
|
What agent does not inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis?
|
Erythromycin
|
|
|
Tetracyclines are bacteri____
|
Bacteristatic. 1/5 to 2/5 of SA are resistant to tetracycline. They bind at the 30S.
|
|
|
( ) can cause black pigmentation
|
Minocycline
|
|
|
Clindamycin cross resistance?
|
Clindamycin is distributed throughout most body tissues including bone. Cross resistance between clindamycin and erythromycin is often noted.
|
|
|
Coombs reaction
|
Immune mechanism is attacking patients' own blood cells
|
|
|
Cephalosporin most closely related to
|
Penicillin VK
|
|
|
Patient allergic to Pen V, stage 1
|
Erythromycin ethylsuccinate or clindamycin
|
|
|
Best antibiotic stage 2 infection
|
clindamycin or metronidazole
|
|
|
Vancomysin used?
|
IV for systemic effect
|
|
|
Red Man Syndrom
|
Vancomycin
|
|
|
Aminocylcosides
|
Are used to treat aerobic gram negative infections when other agents are ineffective
|
|
|
Antimicrobial associated with ototoxicity
|
Aminoglycolsides
|
|
|
PAMA intermediate precursor of
|
folic acid
|
|
|
adverse reaction sulfonamides
|
allergic skin reaction
|
|
|
bacteristatic in action
|
trimethoprim
|
|
|
Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprom
|
are bacteriostatic, act by sequential inhibition of folic acid synthesis, used ot treat UTI
|
|
|
Nitrofurantoin?
|
brownish discolariton of urine
|
|
|
first orally active agents agains Pseudomonas species
|
quinolones
|
|
|
quinolones are?
|
bactericidal against most gram negative organisms and many gram postive organisms
|
|
|
Inhibits DNA gyrase
|
Ciprofloxacin
|
|
|
Addative action when ( ) combined to antimicrobial
|
ciprofloxacin
|
|
|
future may include organisms found in perio?
|
ofloxavin
|
|
|
Rupture achilles
|
quinolones
|
|
|
TB treatment
|
Isoniazid, rifampin,pyrazinamide
|
|
|
Infective endocarditis is for patients who
|
prosthetic heart vaulve
|
|
|
Allergic to penicillins or ampicillin
|
Cephalexin
|
|
|
Clotrimazole?
|
Systemic clotrimazole is pregnancy category C
|
|
|
Ketoconazole
|
requires acidic environment
|
|
|
primary route excretion for ketoconazole
|
biliary
|
|
|
adverse reaction with ketoconazole
|
hepatotoxicity
|
|
|
gynecomastia
|
ketoconazole
|
|
|
Ketoconozole should not be used with
|
Rifampin
|
|
|
Antifungal not used in dentistry
|
fluconazole
|
|
|
Onychomycosis of toenail
|
itraconazole
|
|
|
poorest safety profile
|
amphotericin B
|
|
|
Does not use fungal sterols
|
Griseofluvin
|
|
|
Take with fatty meal
|
griseofluvin
|
|
|
Acyclovir mechanism
|
inhibits replication of DNA
|
|
|
topical acyclovir
|
does not prevent transmission or recurrence
|
|
|
Oral form acyclovir is indicated for
|
both immunocompromised and nonimmunocompromised
|
|
|
Zidovudine
|
toxicity related to bone marrow depression
|
|
|
nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor for HIV
|
Nevirapine
|
|
|
Interfere with action of HIV infected cells
|
protease inhibitors
|
|
|
prophylact to prevent influenza A
|
Amantadine
|
|
|
Interfons are for tx of
|
HepC and MS
|
|
|
Most antiviral agents are protein synthesis inhibitors
|
FALSE
|
|
|
No acyclovir products are approved for tx of recurrent herpes labialis in the immunocompromised patient
|
TRUE
|
|
|
acyclovir can prevent the postherapeutic nerualgia produced by shingles
|
FALSE
|
|
|
all currently availble interferenos are parenteral
|
TRUE
|
