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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the study of medication and their effect on the body
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Pharmacology
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What medication name is meaningful only to chemist, indicates the ingredients in the medication, and Usually written in symbols and letters that stand for the ingredients
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Chemical NAME
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What medication name has the first letter capitalized, and Identified with the symbol R which indicates the name is registered or patented by a company or individual
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TRADE OR BRAND NAME
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What medication name had the first letter lover case and Official name of medication, Usually a combination of chemicals in the medication, Not patented
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GENERIC NAME
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What are the sources of medication?
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PLANTS - ANY PART OF A PLANT. LEAVES, ROOTS, SEEDS, OILS, BLOOMS.
EXAMPLES: DIGITALIS, OPTIUM |
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What are the sources of animals?
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BLOOD, URINE, HORMONES, VENOM.
EXAMPLES: CORTISONE, INSULIN, THYROID |
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What are Minerials-from the earth?
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EXAMPLES: IRON, ,AGNESIUM
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What are sources of synthetic -man made medicines?
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EXAMPLES: ASPIRIN, ACETAMINOPHEN
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What are sources of Semi-synthetic-combination of man-made and plants, animals, or minerals
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EXAMPLES: TYLOX (acetaminophen and opium)
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What are the three types of effects of Medication Actions?
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1) LOCAL effect-limited to the area of the body where the medication is applied.
2) Systemic effect - affects the entire body. 3) Emotional effect - change in the body because of the individual's belief that the medication is working. A PLACEBO is a example of a medication that effects change through emotion. |
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How the action of medication actions are caused?
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1) STIMULATE BODY CELLS
2) SLOW DOWN BODY CELLS 3) KILL OR WEAKEN INVADING ORGANISMS 4) REPLACE SUBSTANCES 5) IRRITATE BODY CELLS |
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What are the effects of a single medication?
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1) PRIMARY OR DESIRED EFFECT
SECONDARY EFFECT TOLERANCE IDIOSYNCRASY PSYCHOLOGICAL OR EMOTIONAL DEPENDENCY ADDICTION ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT 2) SIDE EFFECT 3) ADVERSE EFFECT (ADR) 4) ALLERGIC EFFECT OF HYPERSENSITIVITY 5) TOXIC EFFECT 6) CUMULATIVE EFFECT 7) MEICATION-FOOD REACTIONS 8) MEDICATION-MEDICATION REACTIONS 9) SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS 10) IDIOSYNCRATIC REACTION |
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What is the Primary or desired effect?
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TO DECREASE FLUID IN BODY. PAIN MEDICATIONS - DIURETIC
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What is the Secondary effect?
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TO LOWER FLUID IN THE BODY WHICH IN TURN LOWERS BLOOD PRESSURE. - DIURETIC
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What is Tolerance?
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THE PROCESS OF ADAPTING TO A DRUG OVER A PERIOD OF TIME AND SUBSEQUENTLY REQUIRING HIGHER DOSES TO ACHIEVE THE SAME EFFECT.
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What is Idiosyncrasy?
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AN UNUSAL RESPONSE TO A USUAL THERAPEUTIC DOSE OF A DRUG. ( ACCELERATED, TOXIC OR INAPPROPRIATE RESPONSE) - ANXIETY WITH A TRANQUILIZER.
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What is Psychological or Emotional Dependency?
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A STATE OF RELIANCE ON A DRUG.
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What is Addiction?
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THE CONTINUED USE OF A SUBSTANCE DESPITE ITS NEGATIVE HEALTH AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES.
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What is a Antagonistic Effect?
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THAT WHICH COUNTERACTS THE ACTION OF SOMETHING ELSE, OPPOSITE. NARCOTIC - A DRUG THAT PREVENTS OR REVERSES THE ACTION OF NARCAN.
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What is a Side Effect?
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PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECT NOT RELATED TO DESIRED EFFECTS. ALL DRUGS HAVE SIDE EFFECTS DESIRABLE OR UNDESIRABLE EVEN WITH CORRECT DOSAGE. COMMONLY UNDESIRABLE, SUCH AS NAUSEA, VOMITING, HEADACHE, DIARRHEA. THAT WHAT IS PREDICTED.
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What is a Adverse Effect (ADR)?
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MORE SEVERE RANGE OF UNINTENDED EFFECTS. ( OCCURING AT NORMAL DOSES) OF DRUGS THAT CAUSE MILD TO SEVERE S/E (ANAPHYLAXIS - CARDIOVASCULAR COLLAPSE) AN UNDESIRED SIDE EFFECT OR TOXICITY, NOT EXPECTED CAN LEAD TO DEATH. MUST BE REPORTED TO LICENSED NURSE AND DOCUMENTED.
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What is a Allergic Effect or Hypersensitivity?
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ABNORMAL SENSITIVITY WHICH CAN BE A SIMPLE REACTION TO LIFE THREATENING. (SHOCK)! NOTIFY NURSE AS SOON AS A PROBLEM IS NOTICED. (ITCHING, HIVES - ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK - ITCHING HIVES.
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What is a Toxic Effect?
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POISONOUS - WHEN TOO MUCH MEDICATION (LARGE DOSES THAT EXCEED NORMAL DOSAGE) IS ABSORBED BY THE BODY OR WHEN BLOOD CONCENTRATION LEVELS EXCEED THE THERAPEUTIC LEVEL. WHEN KIDNEY AND LIVER NOT WORKING PROPERLY. CAN BE LIFE THREATENING, CAN BE REVERSIBILE OR IRREVERSIBLE.
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What is Cumulative Effect?
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BUILD-UP OF A SUBSTANCE THAT COULD LEAD TO TOXICITY. THE ACTION OF REPEATED DOSES OF DRUGS THAT ARE NOT IMMEDIATELY ELIMINATED FROM THE BODY.
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What is Medication Food Reaction?
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WHEN MEDS AND CERTAIN FOODS CREATE A CHEMICAL REACTION.
FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS WHICH INDICATE IF A MEDICATION IS TO BE ADMINISTERED BEFORE (AC) OR NOT BE GIVEN WITH CERTAIN FOODS. DON'T GIVE PAIN MEDS WITH ALCOHOL, Nsaids WITH FOOD OR MILK. |
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What is Medication-Medication Reaction?
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OCCURS WHEN 2 OR MORE MEDICATIONS CREATE A CHENICAL REACTION WHICH COULD RESULT IN A LIFE THREATENING SITUATION.
LOOK AT COMPATIBILITIES (THE ABILITY OF 2 DRUGS TO INTERACT WITHOUT UNFAVORABLE RESULTS.) IN DRUG HAND BOOK!!! |
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What is Synergistic Effect?
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OCCURS WHEN A COMBINATION OF FACTORS EVOKE AN INWANTED OR WANTED CHANGE IN A SPECICIC CONDITION.
WHEN DRUGS INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER AND PRODUCE AN EFFECT THAT IS GREATER THAN THE SUM OF THEIR SEPERATE ACTINS. |
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What is Idiosyncratic Reaction?
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UNUSUAL OR UNEXPLAINED EFFECT.
TAKING A SLEEPING PILL BUT INSTEAD OF MAKING YOU SLEEPY IT KEEPS YOU WIDE AWAKE. |
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What are the Factors that influence medication actions?
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1)DOSAGE & STRENGTH
2)PRESENCE OF FOOD IN STOMACH 3)INTERACTION WITH OTHER MEDICATIONS 4)SOLIBILITY OF THE MEDICATION 5)DISEASE STATE OF THE RESIDENT 6)AGING 7)OSTOMATES 8)ROUTE OF DELIVERY |
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What is Dosage and Strength?
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INCREASING WILL INCREASE ACTION AND VICE VERSA.
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What is the Presence of Food in the Stomach?
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SOME MEDICATIONS ARE ABSORBED MORE QUICKLY WITH FOOD AND OTHERS ARE SLOWED ABSORPTION WITH FOOD.
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What is the Interactions with Other Medications?
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AGAIN TIMES MAY NEED TO BE CHANGED TO AVOID THIS FORM HAPPENING, MUST BE REPORTED TO NURSE, QMA ARE NOT ALLOWED TO CHANGE TIMES OF MEDICATIONS.
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What is the Solubility of the Medication?
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IF MANUFACTURERS INSTRUCTIONS HAVE NOT BEEN FOLLOWED THIS WILL ALTER THE MEDICATION. hAS THE CORRECT ANOUNT OF WATER BEEN ADDED TO THE METAMUCIL? HAS THE MEDICATION BEEN SHAKEN, IS DIRECTED TO DO SO. WAS THE MDI SHAKEN BETWEEN DOSES?
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What is the Disease State of the Resident?
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RENAL FAILURE, KIDNEY FAILURE - MONITER CLOSELY BECAUSE CIMMALITIVE EFFECT MAY HAPPEN LEADING TO TOXIC LEVELS. GI PROBLEMS MAY SLOW THE ABSORPTION RATE DOWN.
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What is Aging?
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SPECIFIC ORGANS SO NOT RESPOND TO MEDICATIONS AS WELL AS THEY HAVE IN THE PAST. LUNGS DON'T EXPAND AS THEY USE TO. GI SYSTEM SLOWS DOWN, SKIN NOT AS ELASTIC.
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What is Ostomates?
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MEDICATIONS ADMINISTERED VIA AN OSTOMY... THESE MEDS CAN NOT BE GIVEN BY QMA!!!
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What is Route of delivery?
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SOME WAYS OF DELIVERY WORK MORE QUICKLY THAN OTHERS, SI, po, IM, IV, TOPICAL...
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