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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Functions of ANS
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Regulation of the heart
Regulation of secretory glands Regulation of smooth muscles |
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Functions of Parasympathetic
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Slowing of the heart rate
Inc gastric secretions Emptying of bladder Emptying of bowel Focus the eye Constrict the pupil Contract bronchial smooth muscle |
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Functions of Sympathetic
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Inc heart rate
Vasoconstriction for more blood to brain Shunt blood away from intestines Regulate temperature Dilate pupil Dilate bronchi Mobilized stored energy |
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Neurotransmitters of PNS
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Acetylcholine (ACh)
Norepinephrine Epinephrine Dopamine |
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Receptors of the PNS
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Cholinergic
-Respond to Acetylcholine (Ach) -Subtypes nicotinic, muscarinic Adrenergic -Respond to epinephrine ( adrenaline) and Norepinephrine -Subtypes - Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1, Beta 2 |
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Function of alpha 1 receptors
Adrenergic |
Dilatation of the iris
Vasoconstriction Bladder contraction Ejaculation |
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Function of alpha 2 receptors
Adrenergic |
Minimal significance in the PNS
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Functions of beta 1 receptors
Adrenergic |
Cardiac receptors
Increase heart rate -Increased force of contraction -Increased velocity of conduction through AV node Kidney receptors -Release of rennin -Increased vasoconstriction |
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Functions of beta 2 receptors
Adrenergic |
Bronchial dilation
Relaxation of the smooth muscle of the uterus Vasodilation Glycogenolysis – increasing blood glucose Enhanced skeletal muscle contraction |
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Dopamine
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Uncertain function
Dilates renal blood vessels inc. renal perfusion Used in Parkinson disease |
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Cholinergic Drugs
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Act to mimic or block the action of acetylcholine (ACh) or to prevent the break down of acetylcholine (ACh)
Types: Anticholinergic drugs --Example Atropine Cholinesterase Inhibitors --Example Nostigmine Neuromuscular Blocking agents --Example Succinylcholine |
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Atropine
MOA Anticholinergic drugs |
Mechanism of Action:
-Blocks receptor activation by acetylcholine |
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Atropine
Pharm Effects Anticholinergic drugs |
Increases heart rate
Decreases secretion of glands Relaxation of smooth muscle Dilates pupil Can cause CNS excitation * Dose dependency |
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Atropine
IND Anticholinergic drugs |
Preanesthesia
Bradycardia Disorders of the eye |
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Atropine
AE Anticholinergic drugs |
Dry mouth,
blurred vision, inc IOP, Urinary retention, constipation, tachycardia, asthma |
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Atropine
DI Anticholinergic drugs |
Antihistamines
Tricyclic antidepressants |
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Neostigmine (Prostigmin)
Cholinesterase Inhibitors MOA |
Prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine (ACh) by acetylcholinesterase
(resulting in inc Ach) |
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Neostigmine (Prostigmin)
Cholinesterase Inhibitors IND |
Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis
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Neostigmine (Prostigmin)
Cholinesterase Inhibitors Therapeutic Effects |
Increased muscle force of contraction
CNS mild stimulation * dose dependent |
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Neostigmine (Prostigmin)
Cholinesterase Inhibitors AE |
Excessive salivation,
increased gastric secretions, increased GI function, urinary urgency, bradycardia |
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Neostigmine (Prostigmin)
Cholinesterase Inhibitors CI |
Bowel or bladder obstruction
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Succinylcholine
NM Blocking Agent MOA |
Acts to block the nicotinic receptors
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Succinylcholine
NM Blocking Agent Effects |
Muscle relaxation and paralysis
Duration of action: - peak 1 minute, fades completely 4-10 minutes later |
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Succinylcholine
NM Blocking Agent IND |
Muscle relaxation during surgery
Facilitation of mechanical ventilation Facilitation of endotracheal entubation |
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Epinephrine
Adrenergic agonists MOA |
Acts on alpha1, alpha2, beta1, beta2 receptors
Sympathometic response |
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Epinephrine
Adrenergic agonists IND |
Anaphylaxis – Epipen
Asthma Cardiac arrest Control bleeding – topical application |
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Epinephrine
Adrenergic agonists AE |
Hypertensive crisis
Dysrhythmias Angina Hyperglycemia Necrosis (in IV treatment) |
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Epinephrine
Adrenergic agonists DI |
MAO inhibitors
Tricyclic antidepressants |
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Isoproterenol
Adrenergic agonists IND |
Cardiac disorders, AV block, cardiac arrest
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Isoproterenol
Adrenergic agonists AE |
tachydysrhythmias
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Dopamine
Adrenergic Drugs IND |
Shock
Acts to increase CO, improve tissue profusion, increase UO Heart failure Renal failure |
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Terbutaline
Adrenergic Drugs |
Delays labor by relaxing uterine smooth muscle
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Adrenergic Antagonists
types |
Alpha blockers
Beta blockers |
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Adrenergic Antagonists
Alpha blockers IND |
HTN, Raynaud’s disease
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Adrenergic Antagonists
Beta blockers IND |
Example Propranolol
HTN, Dysrhythmias MI Migraine Headaches |
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Clonidine
Indirect Acting Antiadrenergic agents MOA |
Inhibits firing of the sympathetic neurons, decreasing release of NE from the peripheral neurons decreasing activation of the adrenergic receptors
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Clonidine
Indirect Acting Antiadrenergic agents IND |
HTN
Pain control (epidural infusion) |
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Clonidine
Indirect Acting Antiadrenergic agents AE |
Dry mouth, drowsiness, rebound hypertension
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