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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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______ are involved in allergy, inflammation, headahces
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- autacoids
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________ are responsible for the cardinal signs of inflammation: swelling, heat, pain, itching
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- histamine & kinins
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why can cox inhibitors cause problems in asthma?
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- because you shift the pathway to leukotrienes also made by arachadonic acid which is extremely bronchoconstrictive
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what does cortisone do?
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- blocks the phospholipases that generate arachadonic acid
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what do non-specific NSAIDS & aspirin do?
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- block cyclooxygenase from making prostaglandins & thromboxanes
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what do prostaglandins & thromboxanes do?
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- opposite effects
- prostaglandins disaggregate platelets while thromboxanes cause aggregation |
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why are selective cox-2 inhibitors dangerous post-MI?
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- because they not only block pro-inflammatory prostaglandins, but also inhibit PGI2 --> anti-clotting agent
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what does PGE2 do to vasculature & bronchi? what does PGE1 do?
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- dilates vasculature & bronchi
- PGE1 helps coat stomach from erosion due to acid |
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what does PGF do to vasculature & bronchi?
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- constricts vasculature & bronchi
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what does PGI2 vs TXA2 do during aggregation?
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- PGI2 is anti-aggregation
- TXA2 is pro-aggregation |
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what does misoprostol do?
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- PGE1
- reduces incidence of gastric ulcerations in patients on chronic NSAIDS |
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what does latanoprost do?
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- PGF
- increases outflow of virous humor reducing intraocular pressure associated with glaucoma |
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what do carbachol & pilocarpine do in glaucoma?
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- increase drainage (outflow)
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what does montelukast do?
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- leukotriene recetpor blocker
- prophylactic treatment of asthma |
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Kinins, such as bradykinin, are degraded by_____, which is also known as “converting enzyme” because it acts on angiotensin I to generate the potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin II
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- kininase
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_____ does what histamine does, but about 10x better
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- kinins
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how do vasodilators such as NO work? what are some adverse side effects?
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- produce cGMP & relax vessels
- too much dilation can cause migraines |
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the richest source of histamine are _____ & _____
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- basophils
- mast cells |
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what metabolite do you measure when you have mastocytosis?
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- methylhistamine measured in 24 hr urine
- also possibly 1-MIAA (for boards) |
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____ is the histamine receptor found primarily on the blood vessels. ____ is found on exocrine glands. what do they do in these locations?
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- H1: dilate blood vessels, induces salivary secretions
- H2: stimulates release of gastric acid |
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what does diphenydramine (benadryl) act on?
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- H1 antagonist
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what do cyclizine & meclizine act on?
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- H1 antagonists: antinausea
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what does hydroxyzine do?
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- H1 antagonist
- because gets into brain can be anxiolytic, augments morphine analgesia |
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fexofenadine (allegra), loratadine (calritin), all of the "ine" drugs act on what receptor?
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- non-sedating H1 antagonists
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