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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mupirocin - bactroban
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inhibits isoleucine tRNA
- gram + - used: staph aureus nasal infections in babies |
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amino glycosides
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inhibits protein synthesis - not understood
- gram (-) > gram (+) Nephrotox & 8th cranial nerve damage --> deafness |
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streptomycin
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first aminoglycoside
high risk of deafness |
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gentamycin
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most common aminoglycoside used
effective & less SE |
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spectronomycin
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another aminoglycoside
NO USE |
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Chlorophaminecol
from Streptomyces Venezuelae (typhoid fever) |
inhibits 50S subunit
stops elongation both Gram + and - Aplastic anemia --> need bone marrow transplant |
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Quinupristin, dafopristin - synercid
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mixed streptogramins
inhibits 23S subunit of 50S active against vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium |
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lincomycin, clindamycin (lincosides)
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inhibits 50S
used against gram + bacteria and anaerobe infections; MRSA risk for superinfection of GI with C.difficile |
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Ketolides (telithromycin) Ketec
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erythromycin derivative
binds 2 domains in RNA of 50S High conc in tissue vs. plasma liver toxicity |
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linezolid (zyvox)
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new class of anti-infectives - gram + bacteria
use against MRSA inhibits initiation complex (ternary complex) resistance developing |
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isoniazid
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Anti - TB
inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid- cell wall component AE: hepatox most effective anti-TB drug |
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rifampin
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Anti - TB
complexes w/ bacterial RNA polymerase AE: minor -- rash, fever, N incr activity of isoniazid |
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ethambutol (EMB)
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Anti - TB
inhibits arabinosyl AE: optic neuritis -- need reg. eye check ups |
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pyrazinamide PZA
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Anti - TB
similar to INH inhibits mycolic acid SE: irrev hepatotox; hyperuricemia; arthralgia |
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2nd line drugs for anti TB (already covered previously)
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fluoroquinolones
aminoglycosides (streptomycin, gentamycin) |
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D-cycloserine
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Anti - TB
analog of alanine inhibits extension of peptidoglycan SE: neuro: psychosis; seizures; neuropathy |
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Ethonamide (ETH)
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Anti - TB
Prodrug inhibits mycolic acid (similar to INH, PZA) SE: GI related |
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polypeptides - capreomycin
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Anti - TB
similar to aminoglycosides - inhibits 30S subunit SE: deafness; nephrotox |
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PSA - P aminosalicylic acid
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Anti - TB
inhibits folate synthesis specific to mycobacteria |
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Rifabutin
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rifampin derivative
MAC/MAI prophylaxis must be cont for life |
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MAC/MAI tx
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1. zpack or clarithromycin
plus 2. ethambutol resistant to INH Tx ineffective --- pt will die |
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Bacitracin
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inhibits de-Phosph of C55-PP --> which inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis.
Too toxic to be given IV -- on PO or topical Bacitracin is a potent allergen! |
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Clofazimine
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binds to guanine --> interferes w/ DNA polymerase
Used w/ Rifampin & Dapson tx Hansen's dz long t1/2 = 70DAYs! AE: GI; skin discoloration |
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Dapsone
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inhibits folate synthesis (similar to sulfonamides)
AE: hemolysis; Met-hemoglobinemia has anti-inflamm & immunomodulating effects |
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Daptomycin
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inserts itself into cytoplasmic membrane.
only effective against G+ used in soft tissue infections SE: myalgias; myositis |
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metronidazole
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reacts w/ ferredoxin (reduced by anaerobes in a glycolytic process) forms toxic metabolites
metallic taste; oral & topical use |
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Polymyxins
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has long hydrophobic tail - binds to LPS on Gram (-) bacteria
disrupts outermembrane & cyto membrane neurotoxic; nephrotoxic -- last resort! |
