Pharmacology In Rehabilitation Ch21-24, 26, 27

Front 1

Which anti-hypertensive diuretic would not lead to hypokalemia?

Back 1

Amiloride or triamterene because they are potassium-sparing diuretics.

Front 2

Which diuretic drug has the strongest efficacy for lowering blood pressure?

Back 2

Bumetanide or furosemide, Loop diuretics.

Front 3

The most likely reason for the efficacy of alpa-2 agonists invloves what?

Back 3

Decrease in sympathetic discharge from the brainstem to the heart and vasculature

Front 4

Prazosin is considered what type of drug?

Back 4

Alpha-1 antagonist, which decrease vascular resistance

Front 5

Captopril is considered what type of drug?

Back 5

ACE inhibitor, which limit the production of angiotensin II (a vasoconstrictor)

Front 6

Which type of anti-arrythmic is considered Class II?

Back 6

Beta-blocker

Front 7

Which group of anti-arrhythmics does amiodarone fit into?

Back 7

Repolarization prolongers, class III

Front 8

Why does a nitrate cause reversal of anginal pain?

Back 8

nitrates convert to NO in vascular smooth muscle. Vasodilate by increasing cGMP & dilate coronary arteries.

Front 9

What does a beta blocker reduce?

Back 9

Decrease the heart rate and decrease the force of myocardial contraction, thus decreasing cardiac workload

Front 10

Why is nitroglycerin so effective in treating angina pectoris?

Back 10

Decreases cardiac preload, decrease cardiac afterload (vasodilation), decrease work the heart must perform and decrease myocardial oxygen demands.

Front 11

Stimulated alpha-1 receptors cause what?

Back 11

constriction/vasoconstriction at arterioles, nasal mucosa, eye

Front 12

Name four Alpha-1 agonists?

Back 12

Oxymetazoline, methoxamine, phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine

Front 13

Name two alpa-1 blockers? Why are they used?

Back 13

Prazosin, phenoxybenzamine used to inhibit constriction and treat high catechioamine hypertension

Front 14

Stimulated apha-2 receptors cause what?

Back 14

inhibitory effect on sympathetic discharge from the brainstem, results in decreased blood pressure. Vasoconstriction of veins.

Front 15

Name two alpha 2 agonists?

Back 15

Guanabenz, clonidine

Front 16

Stimulated alpha-1 receptors cause what?

Back 16

constriction/vasoconstriction at arterioles, nasal mucosa, eye

Front 17

Name four Alpha-1 agonists?

Back 17

Oxymetazoline, methoxamine, phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine

Front 18

Name two alpa-1 blockers? Why are they used?

Back 18

Prazosin, phenoxybenzamine used to inhibit constriction and treat high catechioamine hypertension

Front 19

Stimulated apha-2 receptors cause what?

Back 19

inhibitory effect on sympathetic discharge from the brainstem, results in decreased blood pressure. Vasoconstriction of veins.

Front 20

Name two alpha 2 agonists?

Back 20

Guanabenz, clonidine

Front 21

Name one alpha-2 blocker?

Back 21

Yohimbine (only used experimentally)

Front 22

What occurs when the Beta-1 receptor is stimulated?

Back 22

increased myocardial contraction/heart rate/CO, increase renin release

Front 23

Name two Beta-1 agonists?

Back 23

Dobutamine, Dopamine

Front 24

Name two Beta-1 blockers?

Back 24

Metroprolol, Atenolol

Front 25

What are Beta-1 blockers used for & how do they work?

Back 25

Arrhythmias, hypertension, heart failure, angina pectoralis, anxiety. Slow heart rate, reduces contractility, inhibits renin.

Front 26

When stimulated what do Beta-2 receptors do?

Back 26

Vasodilation and bronchodilation. Also increase insulin release.

Front 27

Name two beta-2 agonists?

Back 27

Metaproterenol, Albuterol.

Front 28

What are Beta-2 agonists used to treat?

Back 28

Bronchial asthma, anaphylaxis, emphysema, reduce premature labor.

Front 29

What actions do ACE inhibitors take?

Back 29

Inhibit ACE from converting angio I to angio II, which ultimately inhibits vasoconstriction, & aldosterone release. Thus: decreases TPR, Promote NA exceretion, diuresis.

Front 30

Name 4 ACE inhibitors?

Back 30

Benazopril, Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril

Front 31

What is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors?

Back 31

Dry cough

Front 32

Name 5 vasodilators?

Back 32

Morphine sulfate, Nitroprusside (emergency), Hydralazine, Minoxidil, Prazosin (alpha1 blocker)

Front 33

Name 4 calcium channel blockers? What do they do?

Back 33

Verapamil, Diltiazem, Felodipine, Nifedipine. Reduce TPR.

Front 34

Enhanced automaticity arrythmias are due to what?

Back 34

Increased phase 4 slope, increased rate of action potentials. Also increased B stimulation & hypokalemia.