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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alcohol is rapidly absorbed in the bloodstream, GI tract and brain. What is blood alcohol concentration?
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Grams of alcohol per 100 ml of blood
Actually has a low lipid solubility though |
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How is alcohol metabolized?
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90% in the liver and 10% in the urine and lungs (breathalyzer)
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What enzymes come into play in alcohol metabolism?
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Alcohol Dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde (highly toxic)
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase to acetate |
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Describe the effect of alcohol on the metabolism of other drugs.
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Alcohol can compete for cytochrome P450 enzymes
Chronic liver damage can raise liver enzymes and increase the metabolism of certain drugs. |
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Describe the gender differences in alcohol metabolism.
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Alcohol Dehydrogenase has a greater activity in the gastric mucosa than in women and first pass metabolism is slower in women
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Describe the effect of Aspirin on alcohol metabolism.
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Aspirin inhibits Alcohol Dehydrogenase to a greater extent in women leading to higher BACs.
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Describe the difference in alcohol distribution between men and women.
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Women have a smaller body size and therefore a smaller body fluid volume. In addition, they have a larger fat-water volume ratio and fat does not absorb water.
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Name the withdrawal symptoms associated with chronic heavy drinking.
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Tremor
Increased anxiety High blood pressure Rapid heart rate Excessive sweating N/V Delirium Tremens (convulsions, hallucinations) |
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Describe the CNS effects associated with alcohol.
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Low dose- relaxation, less anxiety
High doses- lets be serious, you know these |
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Why does brain damage occur?
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Increased alcohol levels
Increase acetaldehyde levels Liver deficiency Inadequate nutrition - vitamin b1 deficiency (thiamine) |
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What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
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Brain damage associated with longterm heavy drinking. Initial stages include confusion, tremors, poor coordination, ataxia. Later stages include memory disturbances.
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What is the treatment for this?
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Alcohol cessation and vitamin B1 supplementation
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