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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fungi that is Amphotericin B sensitive include…
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-Candida albicans
-Cryptococcus neoformans -Histoplasma capsulatum -Blastomyces dermatitidis -Coccidodes immitis -Aspergillus fumigatus |
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Candida albicans can cause...
Cryptococcus neoforman can cause... |
-Thrush
-Diaper rash -Vaginitis -Meningitis -Pneumonia |
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Histoplasma capsulatum:
Causes what... Affects what type of ppl... Primarily affects what... Infection caused how... Risk factor is exposure to what... |
-Histoplasmosis
-Immune compromised ppl: AIDS pts, kids <2yo, and elderly -Lungs -Inhalation of spores -Bird or bat droppings |
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Blastomyces dermatitidis:
Causes what... Infection caused how... Most often seen in what type of ppl... Symptoms include... |
-Blastocycosis, a respiratory disease
-Inhalation of conidia spores from contaminated soil -Farmers, forestry workers -Flu-like symptoms- fever, chills, myalgia, cough |
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Coccidiodes immitis:
Causes what... Infection caused how... |
-Pulmonary Coccidiomycosis (AKA Valley Fever)
-Inhalation of spores from contaminated soil |
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Aspergillus fumigatus:
Causes what... Affects what type of ppl... |
-Pulmonary aspergillosis
-Immunocompromised: AIDS pts, leukemia, organ transplantation, chemo pts |
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AMPHOTERICIN B:
Clinical uses... MOA... Different formulas include... |
-Life threatening systemic and CNS mycotic infections, esp in immunocompromised pts
-Local inflamm (mycotic corneal ulcers and keratitis) -Binds to ergosterol, a cell wall lipid, and forms a pore in cell wall -Cell death from intracellular contents leaking out -Fungizone (conventional) -AmBisome (lipid based) -Amphotec -Abelcet |
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AMP B:
Resistance occurs when... Adverse effects include... |
-When binding of Amp B to ergosterol is impaired. Or when the concentration of ergosterol is reduced w/in the cell wall.
Infusion-related toxicity: -Fever, chills, HA -Muscle spasms, vomiting, hypotension Nephrotoxicity: -Renal tubular acidosis, severe K and Mg wasting -Anemia from reduced Epo |
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FLUCYTOSINE:
Clinical uses include... MOA... Used in combo with Amp B for... Used in combo with itraconazole for... |
-Adjunct Tx of systemic fungal infections caused by Cryptococcus neoformans
-Candida and dematiaceous molds (chromoblastomycosis) -Penetrates cell wall by cytosine permease -It is converted to 5-dUMP and FUTP, which inhibits DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis 5-dUMP = 5-fluorodeoxyuridine FUTP = fluorodeoxyuridine -Cryptococcal meningitis -Chromoblastomycosis |
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Flucytosine:
Resistance occurs how... And usually occurs when... Adverse effects is due to... Fluorouracil is what... Some adverse effects include... |
-Altered metabolism
-When used as monotherapy -Narrow therapeutic window -Toxic metabolite -Enterocolitis -BM toxicity (anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia) |
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AZOLES:
3 types are... MOA... Adverse effects include... |
-Itraconazole
-Fluconazole -Voriconazole -Inhibits the CP450 enzyme of the fungus, resulting in reduced ergesterol synthesis, a component of the cell wall -GI upset -Relatively nontoxic |
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AZOLES:
Itraconazole clinical uses include... Fluconazole clinical uses include... Voriconazole clinical uses include... |
DOC for:
-Dimorphic fungi histoplasmosis -Blastomycosis -Sporothrix -DOC for Tx and secondary prophylaxis of cryptococcal meningitis -Candidemia -Mycotaneous candidiasis -Prophylaxis of fungi dz in BM transplant pts and AIDS pts -Candida species resistant to fluconazole -Invasive aspergillosis |
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ECHINOCANDINS:
3 types: Clinical uses of Caspofungin... Clinical uses of Micafungin... Clinical uses of Anidulafungin... |
-Invasive aspergillosis
-Mucocutaneous candidiasis -Prophylaxis of candidia infections in BM pts -Esophageal candidiasis -Invasive candidiasis, including septicemia |
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Echinocandins:
MOA... Adverse effects include... |
-Inhibits synthesis of b(1-3) glucan, a cell wall component
-GI upset -Flushing -Anidulafungin stimulates histamine release |
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GRISEOFULVIN:
Derived from what... Type of drug... Clinical use includes... MOA thought to be... ADE’s include... |
-Penicillium
-Fungistatic -Systemic Tx of dermatophytosis (a nail infection) -Thought to may bind to keratin and protect skin from infection -Allergic syndrome -Hepatitis |
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TERBINAFINE:
Clinical use includes... MOA... More effective than... Although rare, ADE’s include... |
-Dermatophytosis
-Binds to keratin -It is fungicidal and inhibits ergesterol synthesis by reducing squalene epoxidase activity -Griseofulvin and intraconazole -GI upset -HA |
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NYSTATIN:
Type of admin... Clinical use includes... MOA is similar to what drug... |
-Topical only (creams, ointments, suppositories)
-Candida species -Suppression of local candidal infections -Oral thrush, vaginal candidiasis and intertriginous candidal infections -Amphotericin B! |
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BUTOCONAZOLE:
Brand name... Used for what... CICLOPIROX... CLOTRIMAZOLE... |
-Gynazole I
-OTC for vaginal Candida infections -Loprox -Fungal infections of the toenails and fingernails by Trichophyton rubrum -Lotrimin -Tinea infections |
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ECONAZOLE:
Brand name... Used for what... MICONAZOLE... |
-Spectazole
-Rx for Althlete's foot, jock itch, and ringworm infections -Fungoid, Lotrimin AF, Monastat -OTC for bladder and vaginal infections and athlete's foot |
