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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is TMS?
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trimethoprim sulfa
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What is important to remember when administering this drug?
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the animal must be well hydrated
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What are two side effects of TMS?
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keratoconjunctivitis, nephrotoxic
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What is the tx of choice for Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis?
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Navigator
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What is the mode of action of Amprolium?
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Analog of thiamine and competes with it for absorption into parasite
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What kind of action does Amprolium have against bacteria?
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bacteriostatic effect
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Before administrating Amprolium, what must be done to the drug?
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Needs to be diluted
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What is Albon labeled for?
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use in small animals
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What type of drug is Albon?
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anticoccidial
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What type of drug is Amprolium?
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anticoccidial
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What type of drug is lysine?
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antiviral
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What is lysine's mode of action?
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substitutes viral arginine with lysine which leads to protein dissociation
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What is Chlorox used for in a parvo case?
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used to disinfect cages and tables exposed to the parvo virus
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What is the dilution for chlorox for use in parvo disinfectant?
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mix with water in a ~1:30 ratio and allow to sit for 30 minutes prior to use
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What type of drug is interferon?
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antiviral
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What is the mode of action of interferon?
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inhibits the replication of viruses by inhibiting methylation of mRNA, translation and viral assembly and release
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What type of viral infection in DOGS is interferon used for? (2)
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cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and severe cases of oral/cutaneous papillomas
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What type of viral infections in CATS is interferon used for? (3)
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indolent lip ulcers, FeLV-infected cats, FIV infected cats
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What are two veterinary forms of lysine antiviral drugs?
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Enisyl-F and Duralactin feline L-Lysine
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What is the preferred antiviral for parvo?
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Tamiflu
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What is the mode of action for tamiflu?
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neuramidase inhibitor
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Besides antiviral, what other effect does tamiflu have that is beneficial when treating parvo?
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antibacterial effect: keeps bacterial concentrations in the intestines low so that secondary infections will not occur while a puppy is infected with parvo
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What is the generic name for tamiflu?
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oseltamivir
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What is used as a pretreatment for Espar Rx?
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Diphenhydramine (benedryl)
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What route of administration is used with Espar Rx?
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IM or SC
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Why is IV not used as a route of administration of Elspar Rx?
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IV injection can cause anaphalaxis
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What kind of unit bottles does Elspar Rx come in?
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10,000 unit bottles
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What two chemotherapeutic drugs are not given to cats?
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5FU and Cisplatin/Carboplatin
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Why is 5FU not given to cats as a chemotherapeutic?
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causes neurotoxicity quickly
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Why is Cisplatin not given to cats as a chemotherapeutic?
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causes myelopsuppression, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia (dyspnea, pulmonary edema and death)
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What chemotherapeutic causes cardiotoxicity?
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doxorubin
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What three chemotherapeutics cause nephrotoxicity?
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doxorubin, amphitericin B and cisplatin
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At what dose is doxorubin cardiotoxic in dogs?
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240 mg/m2
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At what dose is doxorubin nephrotoxic in cats?
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80 mg/m2
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What is the commercialized name for Dexrazoxane?
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Zinecard Rx
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What is Dexrazoxane used to treat?
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extravasation of doxorubin
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What characteristic of dexrazoxane is used to prevent doxorubin related cardiotoxic effects?
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cardioprotective
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What type of drug is cyclophosphamide?
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nitrogen mustard chemotherapeutic
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what are the side effects of cyclophosphamide?
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myelosuppression and hematuria
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What simple action will help prevent hematuria in treatment with cyclophosphamide?
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HYDRATION
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What is substituted for cyclophosphamide if side effects are present?
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chlorambucil
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What type of drug is chlorambucil?
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chemotherapeutic: least toxic mustard gas
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What type of needle can you not used when administering Carboplatin?
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aluminum
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What types of side effects are seen with Carboplatin?
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causes myelosuppression, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia dose dependent
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Is Carboplatin or Cisplatin able to be used in cats for chemotherapy?
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carboplatin, cisplatin causes death
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What chemotherapeutic causes neurotoxicity in dogs?
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5FU
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When is Vincristine active?
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during M-phase
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What does Vincristine bind to during the M-phase?
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mitotic spindle
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What occurs if Viscristine is given perivascularly?
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it is a vesicant (causes tissue blistering)
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What should the dosage always be with Viscristine?
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below 1ml
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What type of syringe should be used when administering Viscristine?
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luer-lock syringe
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What group of drugs has the best CNS penetration in chemo treatment?
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Nitrosureas
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Which two nitrosureas have the best CNS penetration?
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CCNU (lomustine) and BCNU (carmustine)
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What is Nadir?
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lowest point
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What is Apoptosis?
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programmed cell death
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What is type of drug is ketoconazole?
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antifungal
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What kind of fungi is Ketoconazole used to treat?
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yeast and dimorphic fungi
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What is the mode of action of Ketoconazole?
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inhibits cytochrome P450
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What is ketoconazole used in conjuncture with to lower cost?
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cyclosporin
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What does the antifungal amphotericin B NOT treat?
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dermatophytes
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What kind of drug is amphotericin B?
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antifungal
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What is the major side effect of amphotericin B?
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nephrotoxic
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What group of antifungal drugs treat dermatophytes?
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imidazole derivatives
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What three drugs/groups are used to treat histoplasmosis?
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amphotericin B, Ketoconazole, fluconazol/itraconazole
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What antifungal drug has the best penetration of the CNS?
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fluconizol
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What antifungal drugs (3) have the fewest side effects?
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fluconazole, itraconazole, ketaconazole
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What antifungal drug is teratogenic in cats?
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grisefulvin
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What does grisefulvin cause in cats?
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teratogenic, cleft palate, skeletal-brain malformation, contraindicated in first 2 trimesters of pregnancy
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What is the mode of action of ivermectin?
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GABA agonist that lead to parasite paralysis
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What is the mode of action of fipronil?
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Blocks GABA resulting in rapid death of insect
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What is the mode of action of program?
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inhibition of synthesis and deposition of chitin within the ova and larval exoskeleton of developing fleas
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What is the mode of action of Amitraz?
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Monoamine oxidase inhibitor: degrading neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin
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What is the mode of action of spinosad?
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targets nicotinic Ach receptors leading to muscle contraction and death
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What is the mode of action of promeris?
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disrupts normal nerve function in ticks leading to reduced feeding and attachment
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What is the mode of action of advantage?
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prevents postsynaptic binding of Ach leading to respiratory paralysis of the flea
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What is the mode of action of pyrethrin?
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modulate the function of sodium channels in the parasite nerve axons acting as a rapid "knock down" effect; low mammalian toxicity
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What is the mode of action of selemectin?
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used in dogs sensitive to ivermectin as a scabicide
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What breed of dogs usually use selemectin due to ivermectin sensitivity?
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collies
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