Pharmacology Ii: Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis, Copd, And Respiratory Tract Infections

Front 1

Drug of Choice for Acute Asthma

Back 1

Albuterol

Front 2

Adverse Effects of Albuterol

Back 2

Cardiac stimulation - tachycardia, palpitations,
Decrease in serum potassium
Stimulation of Skeletal Muscle - tremor

Front 3

Withdrawal Symptoms of Systemic Corticosteroids

Back 3

Fatigue, Anorexia, Dizziness, Fainting

Front 4

Do systemic corticosteroids increase response to beta-agonists?

Back 4

Yes

Front 5

When is theophylline indicated in asthma?

Back 5

When there is impending respiratory failure

Front 6

Therapeutic Index of Theophylline

Back 6

5-15 mcg/mL

Front 7

What is the dosage of theophylline based on?

Back 7

Ideal body weight

Front 8

Monitoring of Theophylline

Back 8

15-30 minutes after loading dose
4-8 hours after constant infusion
12-24 hours after a dose change

Front 9

Drug Interactions with Theophylline

Back 9

Cimetidine, erythromycin, cipro - inhibit theophylline metabolism
Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Carbamazepine - increase theophylline metabolism

Front 10

Dosing of Leukotriene Modifiers (Singulair)

Back 10

12-23 months - 4 mg
2-5 years - 4 mg
6-14 years - 5 mg
>15 years - 10 mg

Front 11

Example of a Mast Cell Stabilizer

Back 11

Cromolyn Sodium

Front 12

When do you give Singulair?

Back 12

at night

Front 13

Exercise Induced Asthma Treatments

Back 13

Albuterol - 15 min before exercise
Cromolyn - 10 min before exercise

For prolonged exercise:
Salmeterol - 30 min before exercise
Formoterol - 15 min before exercise

Front 14

How do you treat beta-blocker induced asthma?

Back 14

Ipratroprium

Front 15

First Line for Allergic Rhinitis

Back 15

Second generation antihistamines

Front 16

Examples of 2nd generation antihistamines

Back 16

Claritin, Clarinex, Allegra, Zyrtec

Front 17

Preferred Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis in Pregnant Women

Back 17

First generation antihistamines - Benadryl

Front 18

Side Effects of Azelastine (Astelin)

Back 18

Bitter taste, Somnolence, Headache, Nasal Irritation, Dry Mouth, Sore Throat, Mild Epistaxis

Front 19

Side Effects of Pseudoephedrine

Back 19

CNS stimulation - nervousness, restlessness, insomnia, tremor, dizziness, headache
Cardiovascular Stimulation - tachycardia, palpitations, increased blood pressure

Front 20

Why isn't pseudoephedrine recommended in pregnancy?

Back 20

risk of abdominal wall defect in the fetus

Front 21

What is the most effective therapy available for allergic rhinitis?

Back 21

Intranasal corticosteroids

Front 22

Side Effects of Intranasal corticosteroids

Back 22

Epistaxis, nasal dryness and crusting, nasal septal perforation

Front 23

What drugs can interfere with allergy testing?

Back 23

Antihistamines and Beta-blockers

Front 24

When is Atrovent more effective with rhinitis?

Back 24

If it's vasomotor rhinitis

Front 25

1st line treatment for COPD

Back 25

Albuterol and Ipratropium

Front 26

Adverse Effects of Long-acting Beta-Agonists (Salmeterol)

Back 26

Cardiac Effects
Electrolyte abnormalities (hypokalemia)

Front 27

Adverse Effects of Theophylline

Back 27

Nausea
CNS symptoms - sleep difficulty and nervousness
Cardiac irriability - tachycardia and arrhythmias, seizures

Front 28

1st line antibiotics for patients with COPD

Back 28

Amoxicillin
Bactrim
Doxycycline

Front 29

2nd line antibiotics for patients with COPD

Back 29

Beta lactamase stable PCN
2nd or 3rd generation cephalosporins
Extended spectrum macrolides
Antipneumococcal fluoroquinolones

Front 30

Antibiotic prophylaxis in Bronchitis

Back 30

Amoxicillin
Bactrim
Doxycycline

Front 31

1st line for CAP

Back 31

Macrolides

Front 32

1st line for nosocomial pneumonia

Back 32

Levaquin

Front 33

Side Effects of Amantadine and Rimantadine

Back 33

CNS, nausea constipation