Pharmacology I - Ans Review #3

Front 1

Describe the pathway, neurotransmitters and receptors used in the somatic nervous system.

Back 1

CNS --> Acetylcholine to nicotinic receptor on striated muscle

Front 2

Describe the pathway, neurotransmitters and receptors of the parasympathetic nervous system

Back 2

CNS --> Acetylcholine to nicotinic receptor on post ganglionic neuron --> Acetylcholine on muscarinic receptor on effector organ

Front 3

Describe the pathway, neurotransmitters and receptors of the sympathetic nervous system

Back 3

CNS --> Acetylcholine to nicotinic receptor on post ganglionic neuron --> Norepinephrine to an adrenergic receptor on effector organ.

Front 4

Describe the sympathetic innervation of the adrenal medulla.

Back 4

CNS --> Acetylcholine to Nicotinic Receptor on Adrenal Medulla --> Adrenal Medulla releases epi/norepi to Adrenergic Receptor

Front 5

Describe the sympathetic nervous systems affect on the eye.

Back 5

The Iris Radia is contracted and the pupil is dilated.

Front 6

Describe the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the eye.

Back 6

The Iris Sphincter muscle contracts causing pupil constriction.

It accommodates for near vision

Front 7

Are alpha receptors generally inhibitory or excitatory?

Back 7

Generally excitatory with very few exceptions.

Front 8

Describe the parasympathetic nervous systems influence on the lens.

Back 8

The parasympathetic nervous system stimulates the ciliary bodies to contract, which loosens the suspensory ligaments and gives the lens a more spherical shape.

Front 9

Describe the parasympathetic nervous systems 2 effects on the eye.

Back 9

Causes pupil constriction
Accommodates for far vision

Front 10

Describe parasympathetic effect on the sweat glands.

Back 10

Generalized secretion

Front 11

Describe parasympathetic effect on the lungs/bronchioles.

Back 11

Causes constriction

Front 12

Describe parasympathetic effect on the Heart.

Back 12

Decreases the rate and velocity of contraction.

Front 13

Describe parasympathetic effect on the GI tract.

Back 13

Increased secretion, gastric emptying, peristalsis, decreased sphincter tone (except gastro-esophageal sphincter)

Front 14

Describe parasympathetic effect on the bladder

Back 14

Increased emptying

Front 15

Describe parasympathetic effect on the external genitalia.

Back 15

Facilitates erection.

The arterioles contain muscarinic receptors but no parasympathetic stimulation (except to the penis)

Front 16

The Bronchiole arterioles contain Beta 2 receptors and are innervated by the sympathetic nervous system. The smooth muscles surrounding these arterioles also have Beta 2 receptors, however are not innervated by the nervous system. Why then do they have receptors?

Back 16

They are bound by epi/norepi which is released in response to sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla.

Front 17

Describe sympathetic stimulation of the eye.

Back 17

Pupil dilation via Radial Muscle contraction.
Near vision accommodation

Front 18

Describe sympathetic stimulation of the sweat glands.

Back 18

Localized secretion

Front 19

Describe sympathetic stimulation of the Lungs/Bronchioles

Back 19

Dilation

Front 20

Describe sympathetic stimulation of the heart.

Back 20

Increased rate, force, velocity of the contraction.

Front 21

Describe sympathetic stimulation of the GI tract.

Back 21

Decreased peristalsis, gastric emptying, and secretions

Front 22

Describe sympathetic stimulation of the liver

Back 22

Increased gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis

Front 23

Describe sympathetic stimulation of the kidney

Back 23

Increases release of catecholamines

Front 24

Describe sympathetic stimulation on the bladder.

Back 24

Decreased emptying

Front 25

Describe sympathetic stimulation of the reproductive system

Back 25

Facilitates ejaculation and detumescence

Front 26

Alpha 1 receptors are generally this, while Alpha 2 receptors are generally this.

Back 26

Excitatory
Inhibitory