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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Indications for pharmacotherapy for hypertension includes: (three) |
Even with lifestyle changes BP remains over 140/90 known atherosclerotic disease (previous stroke) even if BP is normal Diabetes or chronic kidney disease if BP is >130/80 |
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Drugs for treating hypertension include? |
-thiazide diuretics -direct acting vasodilators -Calcium channel blockers -Adrenergic agents -Drugs that effect the renin-angiotensin system |
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How do diuretics work? |
-decrease blood volume through urinary excretion of water and electrolytes |
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How do diuretics help hypertension? |
-decrease workload of heart -decrease blood pressure |
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Possible side effects of diuretics ? (three) |
-photosensitivity -orthostatic hypotension -dehydration |
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Nursing considerations with diuretics include monitoring ____ and ____ levels, body ____, peripheral and pulmonary _____, and I/O. |
Sodium potassium weight edema |
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3 types of diuretics are ? |
1) Potassium sparing diuretics 2) thiazide or thiazide-like diuretics 3)loop (high-ceiling) diuretics |
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Potassium sparing diuretics are to be used in pregnant and ______ women, when a patient has _____ or ______. Potassium sparing diuretics are contraindicated when a patient has ____ insufficiency or _______. |
lactating kidney stones gout renal hyperkalemia |
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Thiazide or thiazide-like diuretic are the most commonly prescribed? T or F? |
True |
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Thiazide or thiazide-like diuretics can cause gout, _____, and increase in ______, excessive ______ excretion. |
hyperglycemia blood lipid level potassium |
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Loop diuretics are most likely to cause? |
hypovolemia potassium loss hypotension |
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Often the first line treatment for hypertension and heart failure are these two types of drugs? |
-ACE inhibitors- angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors -ARBS -angiotensin II receptor blockers |
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Drugs that affect the renin-angiotensin system decrease _______ and increase ______. |
blood pressure urinary output |
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Describe the renin-angiotensin system? |
In the blood angiotensinogen and renin in the kidneys convert to angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is converting to angiotensin II in the lungs by means of an enzyme called the angiotensin converting enzyme. |
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What does angiotensin II do? |
-potent vasoconstrictor -stimulates the release up aldosterone (participates in reuptake of water and sodium) -stimulates production of anti-diuretic hormone which promotes water conservation in the kidneys. **these factors can ^ BP and ^ blood volume |
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What does an ACE inhibitor do? |
blocks the angiotensin I converting enzyme, thus, not creating angiotensin II (angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor) |
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ACES suffix is? |
-pril |
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ARBs suffix is? |
-sartan |
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Ace inhibitors are less effective for ________, and increase risk of _________ |
-african americans -angiodema |
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Ace inhibitors are contraindicated in _________, and after first dose ___________ effect may occur. |
pregnancy hypotensive |
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Mechanism of ARBs (angiotensin II blockers)? |
-blocks angiotensin II AFTER it is formed |
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ARBs like ACE's are contraindicated in ______. They may cause an increase in _______ levels, headache, metallic taste, dizziness, and diarrhea. |
pregnancy potassium |
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When on Beta blockers instruct patient to monitor _____ and _____ daily. |
pulse BP |
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Direct acting vasodilators are reserved for ______ purposes because they tend to have a lot of __________. |
emergency side effects |
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All direct-acting vasodilators can produce ? |
-rebound tachycardia due to combat the sudden decrease in BP |
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Which antihypertensive drugs have an indirect impact on BP? |
-calcium channel blockers -adrenergic agents -diuretics -ACE inhibitors |
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Which antihyptensive drugs have DI /RECT impact on BP? |
-direct-acting vasodilators |
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Antihypertensive drugs should _____ be abruptly stopped, or a ____ could occur due to ________. |
NOT CVA rebound hypertension |
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Antihypertensive drugs should not be given with food? T or F? |
F, should be administered with meals to ensure absorption is gradual and effective. |
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Besides pharmacotherapy, what other actions should a patient take to help battle hypertension? |
-avoid alcohol -supervised exercise regimes -decrease sodium intake -smoking cessation -losing or maintaining a healthy weight -try to limit stress |
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Patient's undergoing antihypertensive therapy should report: |
-orbital swelling -SOB -dyspnea -weight gain or loss -fatigue -chest pain -palpitations |
