Pharmacology Hs 428 Exam Iii Rev A

Front 1

Behaviors that increase and decrease a risk for cancer.

Back 1

Tobacco,
Alcohol
Fats
Increase fiber
Exercise
Sun protection
Mammograms
Digital Rectal Prostate Exam
Occult Blood test
Pap test
Lumps and skin lesions

Front 2

Canceling the treatment of clyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) (a chemo drug)

Back 2

Normal white blood cell count (WBC)is 4,300-10,800.
Normal platelet count is 150,000 to 450,000.
Normal hemoglobin is 12-18 mg/dl
Normal BUN is 10-20 mg/dl

Front 3

Best way to prevent or decrease chemo-induced nausea and vomiting

Back 3

Antiemetics 30 to 45 minutes prior to Antineoplastic

Front 4

Most dangerous adverse effect of most chemotherapy agents

Back 4

Bone marrow suppression, anemia

Front 5

Duodenal ulcer symptoms

Back 5

Gnawing or burning , upper abdominal pain that occurs 1 to 3 hours after meal. Bleeding occurs
Bright red blood in vomit
Black, tarry stools.

Front 6

Discharge teaching forpeptic ulcer disease

Back 6

Explain need for lifestyle changes.
Smoking
Foods that increase gastric acid

Front 7

What should the client being treated for peptic ulcer disease with H2 receptor immediately notify
the healthcare provider?

Back 7

If using OTC formulations, patients should be seek medical attention if symptoms persist or reoccur.

Front 8

Why is combination therapy necessary in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease?

Back 8

To increase the effectiveness of drug therapy,
Lower the potential for bacterial resistance

Front 9

Instructions for the client with frequent constipation.

Back 9

Increase insoluble dietary fiber and fluid intake
Take a medi-cation regimen that includes drugs that reduces intestinal motility. Physical activity
Avoid alcohol
High content of refined white flour
Dairy products
Chocolate.

Front 10

Orlistat (Xenical) what adverse effect to monitor compliance with therapy?

Back 10

GI effects such as flatus with discharge,
Oily stool
Abdominal pain, and discomfort.

Front 11

“bowel prep” for clients going for bowel surgeries

Back 11

Cathartics is the drug of choice preceding
Stimulant laxatives
Osmotic
Laxatives
Enemas.
Bulk- forming agents
Stool softeners or surfactants
Stimulants irritate the bowels to increase peristalsis
Saline or osmotic laxatives
Miscellaneous agents include mineral oil

Front 12

Iron therapy (ferrous sulfate) related to changes in his/her stool

Back 12

Darken stools, but this is a harmless side effect.
Iron will turn stools a harmless dark green or black color
constipation is also a side effect.

Front 13

Recognize highest risk for developing vitamin deficiencies.

Back 13

Infancy and childhood
Lactation and pregnancy.
Low or unbalanced diatery itake
Pregnant
Chronic disease

Front 14

Vitamin deficiency diseases associated with a history of alcoholism?

Back 14

Inhibit the absorption of thiamine and folic acid.

Front 15

Consequences of being treated with radioactive iodine (Iodine-131) for a thyroid disorder

Back 15

Hypothyroidism, many patients need “thyroid hormone replacement therapy”. Patient should not be in close contact with children or pregnant women, the patient will be emiting small amounts of radiation

Front 16

Foods should be limited with hyperthyroidism

Back 16

Avoid foods that are high in saturated fat, such as fatty cuts of beef, bacon, processed meats such as salami, and full-fat cheese.
Avoid refined carbohydrates
White bread, cake, candy, white rice, a
Foods that are high in sugar and
High in fat
Caffeinated
Dairy products

Front 17

Adverse effects of glucocorticoid

Back 17

Cushing syndrome,
Insmnia
Anxiety
Headache
Vertigo
Confusion and depres-sion
Hypertension and tachycardia.
Peptic ulcer disease.
Hyperglycemia
Mood changes
Cataracts
Electrolyte imbalances
Osteoporosis.

Front 18

Teaching points for the client on glucocorticoid therapy related to increases in the blood sugar

Back 18

Blood glucose
These drugs increase blood sugar.
(Glucocorticoids increase in gluconeogenesis and reduce glucose utilization.)

Front 19

Diabetic client who is unresponsive

Back 19

When in doubt treat for Hypoglysemia,
Administration of sugar in the form of IV dextrose solution.
Continuous IV infusions may be required.
Glucagon may be given
Insulin may also be necessary for type 2 diabetics

Front 20

Important regarding the storage of insulin

Back 20

Keep insulin vials that are currently in use at room temperature, as it is less irritating to the skin.
When not needed, refrigerate insulin to keep it stable.

Front 21

What should a nurse do when a diabetic pt. who takes oral anti-diabetic medication is ordered to be NPO before a diagnostic test.

Back 21

Call the doctor verify the order.

Front 22

Describe the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (what happens at the cellular level over time?).

Back 22

Patients are capable of segregating insulin,
Insulin receptors in the target tissues have become insensitive or resistant to the hormone. Thus, a small amount of insulin secreted does not bind to its receptor as efficiently, and less effect is achieved.

Front 23

Tell a client why he cannot take insulin by mouth.

Back 23

Insulin is a protein and if taken by mouth,it will be destroyed it would be digested in the body.

Front 24

Opioids not used for treating acute pancreatitis

Back 24

May cause severe breathing depression.

Front 25

Stop the infusion of oxytocin (Pitocin) to induce labor

Back 25

If increases the blood pressure, it would be a cause of “headache”.

Front 26

What advice would you give a client who has missed taking several doses of her oral contraceptives?

Back 26

Extra protection, such condom or spermicide should be used, begin using on the next cycle.

Front 27

What would you tell a pre-menopausal pt who asks if she is a candidate for hormone replacement therapy?

Back 27

Give information and educate HRT. Find other alternatives.

Front 28

What additional information help determine the problem your male client with nocturia and a feeling of fullness in the lower pelvic region is having.

Back 28

Age and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ( BPH )

Front 29

Guidelines the pt. who has been prescribed Viagra

Back 29

Do not take more than once a day 1x a day ( take one hour before sexual activity )

Front 30

Know some of the adverse effects that young athletes should be aware of regarding the use of anabolic steriods.

Back 30

Low sperm count
Impotence
Liver damage
Behavioural changes eg: aggression
Psychological dependence.

Front 31

Doxazosin (Cardura)

Back 31

It will cause orthostatic hypotension
Advise patient to make positional changes slowly and in stages.

Front 32

Instructions Pironolactone (Aldactone) regarding salt substitutes

Back 32

Avoid salt substitute (this medicine is a potassium-sparing diurectics)
Hyperkalcemia may develop, potassium level can raise up.

Front 33

Patient on Lasix do who is experiencing a feeling of gaining weight

Back 33

Should visit the doctor for evaluation.

Front 34

Diuretic related to when the medication should be given

Back 34

This medication should be taken in the morning.

Front 35

Client is placed on an IV solution containing 10 mEq of potassium chloride in the clinical setting

Back 35

Monitor fluid intake and output.

Front 36

Regarding a pt’s acid/base balance, what information is important for the pt to give to the healthcare worker if MI is suspected?

Back 36

The patient should report any symptoms of
Shortness of breath
Palpitations
Headache
Restlessness.

Front 37

Information to be given to an adolescent athletes regarding fluid replacement during a track event

Back 37

Give some nutritional supplement to hold onto the fluid,
Natural substitute of electrolites

Front 38

Lab work critical to monitor in a pt. on dantrolene ( Dantrium )

Back 38

Liver function test

Front 39

Identify a drug when administered with an antispasmodic that will increase the risk of respiratory depression

Back 39

Benzodiapezine
Opioids
Antihistamine
Alcohol.

Front 40

Advice a woman who complains of waking frequently with leg and foot cramps.

Back 40

Take calcium supplements or take quinamm (Quinine sulfate).

Front 41

Best treatment for restoring a pt with osteomalacia’s calcium balance.

Back 41

Calcium supplement and vitamin D

Front 42

Instruction for the pt given colchicine (Novocholchicine) for gout.

Back 42

Increase fluid intake 8-12 glasses
Patient to monitor urine output.
If urine output goes down then call the doctor.

Front 43

Calcium supplements be taken

Back 43

With food, avoid zink rich foods

Front 44

Important action when administering lindane (Kwell)

Back 44

Leave it on for a long period of time 8-12 hours before washing it off.
Use all over the skin, It should be used as specifically as directed.

Front 45

Instruction of the mother of a teenager taking isotretinoin (Accutane) for acne.

Back 45

May cause depression since medication would take longer.

Front 46

Patient with psoriasis should know

Back 46

This condition cannot be cured, but medication can reduce discomfort
It is not contagious.

Front 47

Patient with glaucoma should be informed

Back 47

He/she will always have this disease, but it preventable.
He/she can prevent blindness by taking medication as directed
( eg. putting eye drops everyday )

Front 48

How to administer her eye drops.

Back 48

It should be administered in the conjuctival sac, or bottom sac on the eye.

Front 49

How to administer his ear drops.

Back 49

Lay on the unaffected side, put drops in the ear.
Stay put for few minutes so that medication won’t drain out.

Front 50

Proper/safe way to remove cerumen from the ear

Back 50

This procedure usually involves instillation of an ear wax softener
gentle lavage of the wax-impacted ear with tepid water using
an asepto-type syringe to gently insert the water.