Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Know what to do when barbiturates (all anesthetic agents for that matter) cause respiratory arrest.
|
Secure airway, and ventilate until respiration returns
|
|
|
What are the typical hemodynamic effects of a thiopental induction?
|
The “typical” hemodynamic response following thiobarbiturate induction is a small decrease in mean arterial pressure, mildly decreased cardiac output, increase in systemic vascular resistance, and a increase in heart rate.
|
|
|
What type of arrhythmia is commonly associated with the thiobarbiturates?
|
ventricular bigeminal rhythm
|
|
|
Understand why an animal that has been receiving chronic phenobarbital treatment for seizures is likely to recover more quickly from pentobarbital anesthesia, but not from a one time bolus administration of thiopental.
|
Pentobarb. and Pheno. are mainly removed by hepatic clearance, long term administration leads to inc. mixed oxidase reasctions, thiopental is cleared by redistribution therefor notaffected fy inc enzyme activity
|
|
|
What is “dosing to effect” and why it is better than giving the calculated dose when administering anesthetic drugs (Hint: what is the maximum therapeutic and minimum lethal dose of pentobarbital?)
|
Dosing to effect is IV administration with a portion of the calculated dose given and then the rest slowly injected until the desired affect is reached
|
|
|
What happens when thiopental is injected perivascularly?
|
High pH leads to perivascular necrosis
|
|
|
Why is recovery slower after four doses of thiopental than after one?
|
Repeated doses results in alll thesites for redistribution being filled so removal is limited to hepatic clearance of the drug
|
|
|
List 4 things which would tend to decrease the amount of thiopental necessary for induction
|
Induction dose depends upon concurrent disease, acid-base status, plasma albumin concentration, and coadministration of other drugs
|
|
|
What type of dog is thiopental administration not recommended in because of delayed recoveries?
|
Sighthounds
|
|
|
What is the carrier mixture for propofol and why does it say on the label to discard unused propofol after 6 hours?
|
emulsion of 10% soybean oil, 2.25% glycerol, and 1.2% egg phosphatide, a perfect growth medium for bacteria.
|
|
|
What are the typical cardiovascular and respiratory effects of propofol (Hint: if you know about thiopental you know many of them already.)
|
apnea and respiratory depression, Mild respiratory acidosis, dose dependent depression of myocardial contractility, reduction in mean arterial pressure (MAP)
|
|
|
What is the major route of biotransformation of propofol in the dog and what is different about it inthe cat?
|
The major form is by Glucoronidation, which is limited in the cat
|
|
|
Why is ketamine used for cat spays and neuters over intravenous drugs such as thiopental in a typical veterinary practice?
|
Ketamine may be given IM whichis often easier than IV, and when given by this route has a prolonged duration (25-40 min)
|
|
|
What effect does ketamine have on ICP, CBF and CMRO2? How is this different from thiopental and propofol?
|
Ket. may cause an increase in all, propofol decreases all
|
|
|
What characteristic breathing pattern is seen with ketamine administration?
|
Apneustic breathing
|
|
|
Antimuscarinic drugs are usually given with the premedication drugs to increase heart rate or offset vagally induced bradycardia. If ketamine is a sympathomimetic and typically increases heart rate on its own, what is the rational for giving an antimuscarinic?
|
An antimuscarinic is used to reduce salivary flow
|
|
|
What are the components of Telazol and what ratio are they present in?
|
tiletamine HCl and zolazepam HCl), in a 1:1 ratio
|
|
|
What effect does etomidate have on myocardial contractility?
|
Does not cause direct depression
|
|
|
What effect does etomidate have on corticosteroid synthesis?
|
decreased steroid synth. (though may be offset by production due to stress)
|
|
|
Why is chloral hydrate’s onset of effect typically delayed 5-10 minutes?
|
This is a prodrug which must be metabolized
|
