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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nitrates
nitroglycerin (nitrostat) isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) erythrityl tetranitrate (Tetranitrol) |
decrease ischemia through smooth muscle relaxation of preload and afterload
decrease preload through peripheral vasodilation reduce myocardial oxygen demand reduce chest discomfort (angina) may also dilate coronary arteries improve coronary blood flow Most Common Side Effects: Nitroglycerin, Isosorbide Dinitrate - Dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting when sitting up or standing; flushing of face and neck; headache; irritation at the injection site; nausea; vomiting. . |
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Beta-adrenergic blocking agents
Propranolol (Inderal) Bisoprolol (Zebeta) Atenolol (Tenormin) Metoprolol (Lopressor) |
Decrease heart's oxygen demand through decreasing HR and contractility. Treat angina, arrhythmias, HTN.
Most Common Side Effects: Propranolol - Constipation; diarrhea; dizziness; drowsiness; fatigue; lightheadedness; mild pain, swelling, or redness at the injection site; nausea; stomach upset or cramping; trouble sleeping; vomiting; weakness. Bisoprolol -Diarrhea; dizziness; drowsiness; fatigue; headache; lightheadedness; nausea; sleeplessness; unusual tiredness; weakness. Atenolol -Cold fingers or toes; diarrhea; dizziness; drowsiness; headache; lack of energy; lightheadedness; nausea; tiredness. Metoprolol -Constipation, cough; diarrhea; dizziness; drowsiness; dry mouth or eyes, headache; lightheadedness; mild fatigue; mild flu symptoms (eg, chills, fever, sore throat); nausea; tiredness; vomiting. |
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Calcium channel blocking agents
Diltiazem (Cardizem) Amlodipine (Norvasc) Nifedipine (Procardia XL) Verapamil (Calan) |
decreases heart's oxygen demand by reducing the flow of Ca+. Allows for peripheral vasodilation that further reduces demand on the heart (i.e., dilate coronary arteries, reduce BP, contol arrhythmias, angina).
Most Common Side Effects: Diltiazem -Constipation; dizziness; facial flushing; headache; lightheadedness; tiredness; weakness. Amlodipine - Dizziness; headache; persistent, dry cough. Nifedipine -Constipation; dizziness; flushing; giddiness; headache; heat sensation; heartburn; lightheadedness; nausea; weakness. Verapamil - Dizziness; fatigue; headache; lightheadedness; mild pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site. |
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Antiarrhythmics
Lidocaine (Xylocaine) Amiodarone (Cordarone) Bretylium tosylate Procainamide (Procanbid) |
alter conductivity in order to correct ectopic stimuli or other electrical abnormality
Most Common Side Effects: Lidocaine (Xylocaine) - Irritation; numbness; redness. Amiodarone (Cordarone) - Abnormal skin sensations (loss of sensation; tingling; numbness; prickling); bitter taste in mouth; blue-green discoloring of skin (especially hands or feet); constipation; decreased sexual interest; dizziness; dry eyes; flushing of the face; general body discomfort; headache; involuntary muscle movements; loss of appetite; nausea; poor coordination; tiredness; trouble sleeping; vomiting. Bretylium tosylate Procainamide (Procanbid) - Pain, swelling, or redness at the injection site. |
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Antihypertensives
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control HTN
goal to maintain a diastolic pressure <90mm Hg decrease afterload reduce myocardial O2 demaind |
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Nitrates
nitroglycerin (nitrostate) isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) erythrityl tetranitrate (Tetranitrol) |
decrease ischemia through smooth muscle relaxation of preload and afterload
decrease preload through peripheral vasodilation reduce myocardial oxygen demand reduce chest discomfort (angina) may also dilate coronary arteries improve coronary blood flow |
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Beta-adrenergic blocking agents
Propranolol (Inderal) Bisoprolol (Zebeta) Atenolol (Tenormin) Metoprolol (Lopressor) |
Decrease heart's oxygen demand through decreasing HR and contractility. Treat angina, arrhythmias, HTN.
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Calcium channel blocking agents
Diltiazem (Cardizem) Amlodipine (Norvasc) Nifedipine (Procardia XL) Verapamil (Calan) |
decreases heart's oxygen demand by reducing the flow of Ca+. Allows for peripheral vasodilation that further reduces demand on the heart (i.e., dilate coronary arteries, reduce BP, contol arrhythmias, angina).
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Antiarrhythmics
Lidocaine (Xylocaine) Amiodarone (Cordarone) Bretylium tosylate Procainamide (Procanbid) |
alter conductivity in order to correct ectopic stimuli or other electrical abnormality
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Antihypertensives
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control HTN
goal to maintain a diastolic pressure <90mm Hg decrease afterload reduce myocardial O2 demaind |
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Digitalis (cardiac glycosides)
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increases contractility
decreases heart rate mainstay in tx of CHF (digoxin) Most Common Side Effects: Diarrhea; nausea. |
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Diuretics
Furosemide (Lasix) Hydrocholorthiazide (Esidrix, Microzide, Hydrodiuril) Chlorthalidone (Thalitone, Hygroton) Spriondactone (Aldactone) Amiloride (Midamor) |
increase sodium and wagter excretion to manage HTN, CHFdecrease myocardial work (reduce preload and afterload)
control HTN (furosemide/Lasix; hydrocholorthiazide/Esidrix) Most Common Side Effects: increased urination may also have too much potassium in their blood (hyperkalemia) if they take a potassium-sparing diuretic, or too little potassium in their blood (hypokalemia) if they take a thiazide diuretic. |
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Aspirin
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decreases platelet aggregation
may prevent MI Most Common Side Effects: Heartburn; nausea; upset stomach |
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Tranquilizers
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decrease anxiety
sympathetic effects |
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Hypolipidemic agents
(6 major cholesterol lowering drugs) cholestyramine (Questran) colestipol (Colestid) simvastatin (Zocor) lovastatin (Mevacor) |
reduce serum lipid levels when diet and weight reduction are not effective
Most Common Side Effects: Simvastatin:Back pain; constipation; diarrhea; flushing (eg, dizziness, itching, redness, tingling, warmth); headache; nausea; runny or stuffy nose; stomach upset. Lovastatin, cholestyramine: Constipation Colestipol: Bloating; constipation; diarrhea; gas; heartburn; indigestion; loose stools; nausea; stomach pain or cramping; vomiting. |
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Alpha-adrenergic Blocking Agents
Prazosin (Minipress) Terazosin (Hytrin) Doxazosin (Cardura) |
block post-synaptic alpha 1-adrenergic receptors which dilates arterioles and veins
decreases BP Most Common Side Effects: Prazosin - Dizziness; drowsiness; dry mouth; frequent urination; headache; lack of energy; lightheadedness; nasal congestion; nausea; weakness. Terazosin, Doxazosin - Dizziness; drowsiness; lightheadedness; nasal congestion; nausea; weakness. |
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Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACE) Agents
Captopril (Capoten) Enalapril (Vasotec) Lisinopril (Prinivil) Fosinopril (Monopril) Benazepril (Lotenson) Remipril (Altace) |
decrease BP and afterload in pts with CHF and HTN
Most Common Side Effects: Captopril - Cough; diarrhea; dizziness or lightheadedness when sitting or standing quickly; fatigue; fever; headache; itching; joint pain; nausea; taste changes; vomiting; weakness. Enalapril - Diarrhea; dizziness or lightheadedness when sitting up or standing; headache; nausea; persistent, dry cough; tiredness; vomiting. Lisinopril - Cough; diarrhea; dizziness; headache; tiredness. Fosinopril - Dizziness or lightheadedness when sitting up or standing; dry cough |
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Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist Agents
Losartan (Cozaar) Diltiazem (Cardizem) Verapamil (Calan) |
decrease BP and afterload in pts with CHF and HTN
use these when pts cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors Most Common Side Effects: Losartan - Diarrhea; dizziness; tiredness. Diltiazem - Constipation; dizziness; facial flushing; headache; lightheadedness; tiredness; weakness. Verapamil -Dizziness; fatigue; headache; lightheadedness; mild pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site. |
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Bronchodilator Agents
anticholinergic beta-adrenergic methylxanthine |
relieve bronchospasm
increase size of airway and reduce restistnace and subsequent obstruction Common Side Effects: albuterol - Dizziness; headache; nausea; nervousness; sinus inflammation; sore or dry throat; tremor; trouble sleeping; vomiting. |
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Inhaled Corticosteroid Agents
Beclomethasone (Vanceril) Budesonide (Pulmicort) Fluticasone propionate (Flovent) Dexamethasone (Decadron) |
control inflammation of airway
decrease bronchospasm stabilize inflammatory resposne in the respiratory tract |
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Mucolytic Agents
Acetylcysteine (Mucosil) Dornase alpha (Pulmozyme) |
Thin mucous secretions by alterting composition and consistency of mucus
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Antiasthmatic Agents
Cromolyn sodium (Intal) Nedocromil sodium (Tilade) |
stabilize mast cells;
inhibit release of inflammatory medications |
