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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the phases of drug activity
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pharmaceutical phase, pharmacodynamics, and pharmokinetics
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Which drug activity phase focuses on the study of the interactions between drugs and their receptors
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pharmacodynamics
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Which phase of drug activity studies the mathematical relationships among absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of individual medicines over time?
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pharmacokinetics
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Which pharmaceuticla phase occurs when a drug is released from the dosage form and dissolved in body fluids
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Liberation
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Do drugs in liquid form need to be liberated
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No they're already dissolved
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What are the four steps in pharmacokinetics
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absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
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The movement of a drug from its site of entry into the body to the blood stream is known as
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absorption
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Absorption Depends on
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route of administration, blood flow, and solubility of the drug
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To facilitate absorption, you should administer oral meds with
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adequate amounts of water
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If giving parenteral forms to ensure absorption occurs correctly, you should
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give parenteral forms properly so they are deposited correctly
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If diluting drugs, what should you do
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reconstitute & dilute drugs with the dilutent recommended by manufacturer
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What are the 14 routes of drug administration
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intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intrathecal, topical, intradermal, rectal, vaginal, oral, buccal, sublingual, inhalation, instillation, transdermal
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Fastest route of administration
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Intravenous
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Slowest route
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oral
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The way in which drugs are transported to sites of action, metabolism and excretion is known as
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Distribution
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Distribution is influenced by
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Protein binding (albumin) and lipid solubility
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The process where the body inactivates drugs is
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metabolism
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The organ responsible for metabolism is the
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liver
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The elimination of drugs metabolites and/or the active itself from the bdoy is
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excretion
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The primary routes of excretion are
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GIT, Kidneys
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Other routes of excretion includes
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Skin, lungs, saliva, and breast milk
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The branch of pharmacology concerned with the effects of drugs and the mechanism of their action is
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pharmacodynamics
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A drug that locks on a receptor site through chemical binding is similar to
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Lock and key model
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A drug that stimulates is
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agonist
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A drug that attaches to a site but inhibits response
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antagonist
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A drug that elicits a response AND blocks other responses are
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partial agonists
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A measure of time required for elimination is
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half life
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When the concentration of a drug at the site of action is enough to start a physical response is
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onset of action
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A drug that reaches the highest concentration on target receptor is
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peak action
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The length of time a drug has its intended effect is
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Duration of action
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When a blood sample is drawn to determine amount of blood present, the nurse is checking for
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Drug blood Level
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The drug blood level shows
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If drug is in therapeutic, therapeutic or toxic range
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The expected response of a drug is
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Desired Action
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A drug that produces more responses than the desired action is
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Side/Adverse Effects
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An unusual or abnormal reaction when drug is administered (like someone says I hear voices) is
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Idiosyncratic reaction
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Hypersensitivity caused by the development of antibodies from previous exposure to the drug and the antibodies cause a reaction (like hives) is
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Allergic reaction
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A life threatening allergic reaction that causes respiratory distress and CV collapse is
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Anaphylactic Reaction
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The ability of a drug to cause mutation of cells leading to cancer is
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Carcinogenicity
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The factors that influence drug action include
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Age, body weight, metabolic rate, illness, psychological aspects, tolerance, dependence, and cumulative effect
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Which age group is most sensitive to drugs
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Infants and very eldery
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People that are overweight require
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An increase in dosage
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People that are underweight require
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A lower dosage
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The higher the metabolic rate
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the larger the dose required
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Illness alters
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rate of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion
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If a person starts to require a higher dosage to produce same effect a lower dosage required, then the individual is
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growing tolerant of drug
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A drug that accumulates in the body if the next dose is administered before the first dose has been metabolized, what Is occurring
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A cumulative effect
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When the action of one drug is altered by another drug, then a
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Drug interaction has occurred
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A drug interaction can either
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Increase the action of one or both drugs or decrease the effectiveness of one or both drugs
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A type of drug interaction where two drugs with similar actions are taken for a double effect is
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Additive effect
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The combined effect of two drugs is greater than the sum of the effect of each drug alone is considered
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Synergistic Effect
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A drug that interferes with the action of another is
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Antagonistic Effect
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The displacement of the first drug by a second drug increases the activity of the first drug is
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Displacement
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The first drug inhibits the metabolism or excretion of the second drug causing increased activity of the second drug is
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Interference
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When the first drug is incompatible with second drug causing deterioration when the two drugs are mixed is
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Incompatibility
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