Pharmacology For Health Professionals Key Terms (By Roach) Unit 1

Front 1

additive drug reaction

Back 1

a reaction that occus when the combined effect of two drugs is equal to the sum of each drug given alone

Front 2

Adverse reaction

Back 2

undesirable drug effects

Front 3

agonist

Back 3

a drug that binds with a receptor to produce a theraputic response

Front 4

allergic reaction

Back 4

a drug reaction that occirs because the individual immune system views the drug as a foreign substance

Front 5

anaphylactic shock

Back 5

an extremely serious allergic drug reaction

Front 6

antagonist

Back 6

a drug that joins with a receptor to prevent the action of an agonist at that receptor

Front 7

antibodies

Back 7

immune system molecules produced in reaction with an antigen

Front 8

antigen

Back 8

a substance that the immune perceives as foreign and that causes production of antibodies

Front 9

controlled substances

Back 9

drugs with a high potential for abuse that are controlled by special regulations

Front 10

cumulative drug effect

Back 10

a drug effect that occurs when the body has not fully metabolized a dose of drug before the next dose is given

Front 11

drug idiosyncracy

Back 11

any unusual or abnormal reaction to a drug

Front 12

drug tolerance

Back 12

a decreased response to a drug, requiring an increase in doseage to achieve the desired effect

Front 13

hypersensitivity

Back 13

being allergic to a drug

Front 14

non prescription drugs

Back 14

drugs designated by the FDA to be obtained without a prescription

Front 15

pharmaceutic phase

Back 15

the dissolution of the drug

Front 16

pharmacodynamics

Back 16

a drug's actions and effects within the body

Front 17

pharmacogenetic disorder

Back 17

a genetically determined abnormal response to normal doses of a drug

Front 18

pharmacokinetics

Back 18

activities occuring in the body after a drug is administered including absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion

Front 19

pharmacology

Back 19

the study of drugs and their action on living organisms

Front 20

physical dependence

Back 20

a compulsive need to use a substance repeatedly to avoid mild to severe withdrawal symptoms

Front 21

polypharmacy

Back 21

the taking of numerous drugs that can react with each other

Front 22

prescription drugs

Back 22

drugs the federal government has designated as potentially harmful unless supervised by a licensed health care provider

Front 23

psychological dependence

Back 23

a compulsive to use a substance to obtain a pleasurable experience

Front 24

receptor

Back 24

a specialized macromolecule that binds to the drug molecule, altering the function of the cell and producing the therapeutic response

Front 25

synergism

Back 25

a drug reaction that occurs when drugs produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their separate actions

Front 26

teratogen

Back 26

any substance that causes abnormal development of the fetus

Front 27

theraputic response

Back 27

the intended, beneficial effect of a drug

Front 28

toxic

Back 28

harmful drug effect

Front 29

What ids the Orphan Drug Act of 1983?

Back 29

Incentives given in the way of grants and tax incentives for drug companies to develop drugs to treat rare diseases, and manufacturer has 7 years exclusive rights

Front 30

What schedule drug is heroin, marijuana, LDS and peyote? Why?

Back 30

Schedule I , because there is high potential for abuse and there is no accepted medical use in the USA

Front 31

What schedule is narcotics, ie: meperadine, methadone, morphine, oxycodone, amphetamines, and barbiturates, and why?

Back 31

Schedule II, high potential abuse with severe physical or psychological dependence

Front 32

What schedule drugs are nonbarbiturate sedatives, nonamphetamine stimulants, limited narcotics and why?

Back 32

Schedule III, because there is less potential than II, but still moderate potential

Front 33

what schedule drug is sedatives, anxiety drugs, and non-narcotic analgesics, and why?

Back 33

Schedule IV, because there is less potential than schedule III, but some limited potential for dependence

Front 34

What schedule drug is codeine, used as antidiarrheal or anti-tussive, and why?

Back 34

Schedule V, because some states allow an over 18 YOA to buy these directly from a pharmacist, limited abuse potential

Front 35

What is the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906?

Back 35

The first attempt by the government to regulate sale, manufacturing, and control of anything that could be called a drug

Front 36

What is the Harrison Narcotic Act of 1914 ?

Back 36

regulated the sale of narcotic drugs

Front 37

What is Pure Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938?

Back 37

It gave the food and Drug administration control over manufacture and sale of food, drigs and cosmetics, has to be safe for humans

Front 38

Pregnancy category A

Back 38

drugs pose no risk to fetus

Front 39

pregnancy category B

Back 39

No evidence of risk to humans

Front 40

Pregancy category C

Back 40

risks cannot be ruled out

Front 41

Pregnancy Category D

Back 41

There is positive evidence of risk to fetus

Front 42

Pregnancy Category X

Back 42

Drug is contraindicated

Front 43

What 3 phases does a drug taken by mouth go through in the body?

Back 43

pharmaceutic phase
pharmacokinetic phase
pharmacodynamic phase

Front 44

what 2 phases does a drug go through in the body if taken by liquid or injections?

Back 44

Pharmacokinetic phase and
pharmacodynamic phase

Front 45

Why did the government pass legislation in 1994 called Dietary Supplement Health and Supplement Act (DSHEA)

Back 45

It defines vitamins, herbs and all "natural substances" and supplements, and acts against false advertising and claims