Pharmacology Finals

Front 1

It is a state of response to a drug whereby drug taker feels compelled to use the drug and suffers anxiety when separated from it.

Back 1

ADDICTIONLos

Front 2

Loss of consciousness associated with an absence of response to pain

Back 2

ANESTHESIADr

Front 3

Drug that reduces anxiety; is a sedative

Back 3

ANXIOLYTIC

Front 4

Removal of the drug evokes unpleasant and possibly life threatening symptoms often opposite of the drug’s effect

Back 4

DEPENDENCE

Front 5

Induction of sleepoh

Back 5

HYPNOSIS

Front 6

Phase of sleep associated with rapid eye movements; most dreaming takes place in this stage

Back 6

REM SLEEP

Front 7

Reduction of anxiety

Back 7

SEDATION

Front 8

Reduction in drug effect requiring an increase in dosage to maintain the same response

Back 8

TOLERANCE

Front 9

These drugs produce dose dependent CNS depressant effects

Back 9

SEDATIVE-HYPNOTICS

Front 10

What are the subgroups of sedative-hypnotics?

Back 10

1.BENZODIAZEPINES

2. BARBITURATES

3. MISC. (Carbamates, alcohols, cyclic ethers)

Front 11

What are the mechanisms of Sedative-Hypnotics?

Back 11

1. Activation of GABA A which increases chloride influx, and activation of GABA B which increases Potassium influx

2. both Result in hyperpolarization

Front 12

What subgroup of sedative-hypnotics potentiate GABA?

Back 12

Benzodiazepines

Front 13

What subgroup of sedative-hypnotics increase the frequency of chloride channel opening?

Back 13

Benzodiazepines

Front 14

Benzodiazepines act through BZ receptors. What are these receptors and their function?

Back 14

BZ1 mediates sedation

BZ2 mediates anti anxiety and impairment of cognitive functions

Front 15

This type of sedative-hypnotics prolong GABA activity

Back 15

Barbiturates

Front 16

They are drugs that have an inhibitory effect on the CNS

Back 16

Sedatives

Front 17

This type of sedative-hypnotics prolong GABA activity

Back 17

Barbiturates

Front 18

They are drugs that have an inhibitory effect on the CNS

Back 18

Sedatives

Front 19

Sedatives inhibits:

Back 19

1. Nervousness

2. Excitability

3. Irritability

Without causing sleep

Front 20

They calm or soothe the CNS to the point that they cause sleep

Back 20

Hypnotics

Front 21

This type of sedative-hypnotics prolong GABA activity

Back 21

Barbiturates

Front 22

They are drugs that have an inhibitory effect on the CNS

Back 22

Sedatives

Front 23

Sedatives inhibits:

Back 23

1. Nervousness

2. Excitability

3. Irritability

Without causing sleep

Front 24

They calm or soothe the CNS to the point that they cause sleep

Back 24

Hypnotics

Front 25

What are the effects of low and high doses of SH?

Back 25

Low doses = calm or soothe the CNS

High doses = + sleep

Front 26

This type of sedative-hypnotics prolong GABA activity

Back 26

Barbiturates

Front 27

Intermediate examples:

Back 27

1. Aprobarbital

2. Butabarbital

Front 28

Long examples:

Back 28

1. Phenobarbital

Front 29

They are drugs that have an inhibitory effect on the CNS

Back 29

Sedatives

Front 30

Sedatives inhibits:

Back 30

1. Nervousness

2. Excitability

3. Irritability

Without causing sleep

Front 31

They calm or soothe the CNS to the point that they cause sleep

Back 31

Hypnotics

Front 32

What are the effects of low and high doses of SH?

Back 32

Low doses = calm or soothe the CNS

High doses = + sleep

Front 33

When are the barbiturates first introduced?

Back 33

1903

Front 34

They are standard agents for insomnia and sedation

Back 34

Barbiturates

Front 35

What are the 4 categories of barbiturates?

Back 35

1. Ultrashort

2. Short

3. Intermediate

4. Long

Front 36

Ultrashort examples:

Back 36

1. Thiamylal

2. Thiopental

Front 37

Short examples:

Back 37

1. Secobarbital

2. Pentobarbital

Front 38

This type of sedative-hypnotics prolong GABA activity

Back 38

Barbiturates

Front 39

Intermediate examples:

Back 39

1. Aprobarbital

2. Butabarbital

Front 40

Long examples:

Back 40

1. Phenobarbital

Front 41

Mechanism of action of barbiturates

Back 41

Potentiate GABA

Front 42

What are the sites of action of the barbiturates?

Back 42

1. Brain stem

2. Cerebral cortex

Front 43

They are drugs that have an inhibitory effect on the CNS

Back 43

Sedatives

Front 44

Sedatives inhibits:

Back 44

1. Nervousness

2. Excitability

3. Irritability

Without causing sleep

Front 45

They calm or soothe the CNS to the point that they cause sleep

Back 45

Hypnotics

Front 46

What are the effects of low and high doses of SH?

Back 46

Low doses = calm or soothe the CNS

High doses = + sleep

Front 47

When are the barbiturates first introduced?

Back 47

1903

Front 48

They are standard agents for insomnia and sedation

Back 48

Barbiturates

Front 49

What are the 4 categories of barbiturates?

Back 49

1. Ultrashort

2. Short

3. Intermediate

4. Long

Front 50

Ultrashort examples:

Back 50

1. Thiamylal

2. Thiopental

Front 51

Short examples:

Back 51

1. Secobarbital

2. Pentobarbital