Pharmacology Final Exam

Front 1

An antiobiotic that is BACTERIOSTATIC is better than on that is BACTERIOCIDAL in someone who is immunocompormised

Back 1

FALSE: CIDAL is better than STATIC in compromised

Front 2

The antibiotic class most associated with ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity is the aminoglycoside class (streptomycin)

Back 2

TRUE

Front 3

BacterioSTATIC drugs...

Back 3

promote growth of all bacteria

Front 4

BacterioCIDAL

Back 4

Kill ALL bacteria

Front 5

Penicillins and cephalosporins are the antibiotics most often associated with hypersenitivity reactions

Back 5

TRUE

Front 6

Metronidazole should NOT be taken with alcohol because it causes a difulfiram-like reaction similar to when people drink alcohol while taking Antabuse

Back 6

TRUE

Front 7

One of the most dangerous bacterial infections can be caused by oral broad spectrum antibiotics becaus they kill off a lot of normal gut floria, allowing stronger bacteria to grow and develop antibiotic resistance

Back 7

TRUE

Front 8

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics can be caused by a simple mutation such as a change in one amino acid

Back 8

TRUE: Also Transformation (bact incorp free environmental DNA containing resist gene, Transduction (cytoplasm contains plasmids), Conjugation (direct cell to cell transfer of genes)

Front 9

One way that bacterial resistance is expressed is decreased breakdown of the antibiotic drug

Back 9

FALSE: INCREASED breakdown of Drug, Altered drug target, decreased penetraton of drug, and active efflux of drug

Front 10

Some staph aureus bacteria are not resistant to both methicillin and vancomycin, but people with infections cause resistant staph arureus may be helped by linezolid (zyvox)

Back 10

TRUE

Front 11

The only antifungal dug that is given prophylatically to people with compromised immune systes is amphotericin

Back 11

FALSE: Also noxafil prevents fungal infection

Front 12

People with fungal infections will usually have to be on antifungal therapy for several weeks or months

Back 12

TRUE

Front 13

Because of increased resistance to many drugs used to treat tuberculosis, people with TB commonly have to tkae 3 or more drugs for treatment

Back 13

TRUE

Front 14

Silenafil (Viagra) prevents metabolism of cGMP, promoting penile erection

Back 14

TRUE

Front 15

Blindness and loss of hearing are common side effects of Sildenafil (Viagra) and tadalafil (Cialis)

Back 15

FALSE: CIALIS only

Front 16

Priapism is a side effect of certain drugs causing a prolonged erection that may need to be corrected surgically

Back 16

TRUE

Front 17

Tamsulosin (Flomax) is a drug for benign prostatic hyperplasia and it works by constricting the prostate muscles around the urethra so that urine out put is decreased

Back 17

FALSE: Relaxes the prostate muscles to allow free flow of urine out of the bladder

Front 18

Any drug that crosses the placenta will automatically cross from blood into breast milk

Back 18

FALSE

Front 19

If pregnant mother near term is given a drug that induces liver enxymes and also crosses the placenta, the drug can also induce fetal enzymes

Back 19

TRUE

Front 20

Two ways by which a fetus may be protected from maternal drugs administered to the mother are metabolism of drug in the placenta, and transport of certain drugs back out into the maternal circulation

Back 20

TRUE

Front 21

Menantne (Nemenda) is a glutamate agonist used for Alzheimer's

Back 21

FALSE: it's a ANTAGONIST

Front 22

Most drugs used for Alzheimer's are irreversible cholinesterase inhibitors

Back 22

FALSE: Metrifonate is only one that is irreversible (all others ARE reversible)

Front 23

One functions of Progesterone in oral contraceptives is prevention of formation of a dominant follicle in the follicular phase of mensturation

Back 23

FALSE: ESTROGEN

Front 24

Estrogens in oral contraceptives suppress the LH surge, preventing ovulation

Back 24

FALSE: Progesterone

Front 25

One benefit of Yaz is that it helps alleviate mood swings

Back 25

TRUE

Front 26

Lybrel was designed to eliminate periods for as long as needed

Back 26

TRUE

Front 27

Estrogen excess is associated with hirsutism

Back 27

FALSE: excess of Progesterone

Front 28

Combination estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives are contraindicated in women w/ cerebrovascular disease or clotting disorders

Back 28

TRUE

Front 29

Some women experience life-threatening bleeding after taking the abortion pill combination of RU486 (milfiprex) and Cytotec (misoprostol)

Back 29

TRUE

Front 30

Bisphosphonates such as Fomax and Evista are used as an alternative to estrogeens to prevent bone breakdown, but they cn cause esophageal ulcers if patients lie down after taking them

Back 30

TRUE

Front 31

Early breakthrough bleeding is a side effect of too much progestin

Back 31

FALSE: Estrogen deficiency

Front 32

Tricyclic antidepressants are the drugs of choice for PMDD

Back 32

FALSE: SSRI's

Front 33

Methimazole is more dangerous than propylthiouracil (PTU) for hyperthyroidism because it can cause irreversible liver damage

Back 33

FALSE: Both cause LV damage; Meth. can be reversed; PTU Cannot

Front 34

Side effects of hypothyroidism drugs such as levothyroxine (Synthroid) are d/t insufficient amounts of medication

Back 34

FALSE: too much medication

Front 35

Most of the problems associated w/ insulin resistance are d/t glycosylated proteins

Back 35

TRUE

Front 36

Metformin (Glucophage) decreases glucose output and increases glucose uptake

Back 36

TRUE

Front 37

Methimazole, and PTU and potassium iodide work by slowing down production of thyroid hormone

Back 37

TRUE

Front 38

The misc. antidiabetic exenatide (Byetta) causes weight loss and has been associated with pancreatitis

Back 38

TRUE

Front 39

Drugs that cause release of insulin such as sitigliptin (januvia) can be used for both Type I & II diabetes

Back 39

FALSE

Front 40

Rosilitazone (Avandia) have been assoc. w/ heart problems and bone thinning

Back 40

TRUE

Front 41

Sitigliptin (Januvia) has been associated w/ weight gain and hemolytic anemia

Back 41

FALSE: Chlorpropamide (Diabinese)

Front 42

Usualy, the first sign of diabetes in cats is cataracts

Back 42

FALSE: cataracts in dogs; plantigrade stance in cats

Front 43

Lithium and valproate (Depakote) are the only drugs used for bipolar disorder that control both mania and depression

Back 43

FALSE; lamotrigine txts both mania and depression

Front 44

Antipsychotics and anticonvulsants are used to control manic episodes in bipolar disorder

Back 44

TRUE

Front 45

Too much sodium in the diet can cause lithium tonxicity

Back 45

FALSE: too LITTLE

Front 46

Lithium is not metabolized and is excreted unchanged n the urine, & has a very narrow ther. index, requiring frequent blood tests to determine lithium levels

Back 46

TRUE

Front 47

Intravenous general anesthetics all decrease GABA

Back 47

FALSE- increase GABA

Front 48

Inhalation anesthetics are used for both induction % maintenance of anestheisa

Back 48

FALSE- general anesthetics do that

Front 49

Local anesthetics often have epinephrine added to them to keep them localized

Back 49

TRUE

Front 50

Valproate (depakote) has been associated w/ a severe rash, possibly fatal rash, known as Stevens Johnson syndrome

Back 50

FALSE:

Front 51

Lamotrigine (Lamictal) and valproate (Depakote) both have caused cleft palate in embryo when used during pregnancy

Back 51

FALSE- lamotrigine does but depakote does not, causes facial and digit deformities but not cleft palate

Front 52

Phenytonin (Dilantin) is assoc. w/ "hydantoin syndrome" that is very similar to fetal alcohol syndrome

Back 52

TRUE

Front 53

Older antipsychotics like haloperidol (Haldol) treat only the negative symptoms of psychosis

Back 53

FALSE: reduce positve symptoms (cause lack of pleasure)

Front 54

Clozapine (Cloazril) is a newer atypical antipsychotic that s assoc. w/ dangerour side effect, agranulocytosis

Back 54

TRUE

Front 55

Many of the new antipsych's such s Olanzepine (Zyprexa) and risperidone (Risperdol) have weight gain and diabetes as side effects

Back 55

TRUE

Front 56

Acute Dyskinesia and tardive dyskinesia are 2 types of extrapryramidal side effects assoc. w/ older antipsychs and BOTH are irreversible

Back 56

FALSE: tardive SOMETIMES irreversible

Front 57

Abrupt discontinuation of antipsychs can result in a withdrawal syndrome, part of which is treatment- resistant psychosis

Back 57

TRUE

Front 58

2 meds for Parkinson's block enzymes that break down dopamine. These drugs are selegiline (Eldepry, Deprenyl) and amantadine (Symmetrel)

Back 58

FALSE: selegilin decreases breakdown of DA; Amantadine causes relseas of DA

Front 59

Direct DA agonist such a ropinerole (requip) and pramiprexole (Mirapex) have been assoc. w/ compulsive behavios such as gambling in Parkinson's patients

Back 59

TRUE

Front 60

Many drugs used to tx parkinson's can cause psychotic symptoms such as if the dose of their meds is too low

Back 60

FALSE

Front 61

A casual link has been established betw some pesticides and Parkinson's

Back 61

TRUE

Front 62

Parkinson's is caused by too little dopamine in the nucleus accumbens

Back 62

FALSE: too little DA in substantia Nigra

Front 63

Side effects of steroid use include paranoia and violent behavior

Back 63

TRUE

Front 64

The penalty fir possession of heroin, a schedule I drug, is the same penalty for all other scheduled drugs

Back 64

TRUE

Front 65

Self-mutilation sometimes occurs whenn a person takes PCP becuase PCP is a powerful anesthetic

Back 65

TRUE

Front 66

Plant hallucinogens such as bellandonna are acetylcholine antagonists that can cause convulsions and even death at high doses

Back 66

TRUE

Front 67

Peyote, a hallucinogenic cactus, is a serotonin agonist

Back 67

FALSE: Andrenergic Agonist

Front 68

Of all drugs of abuse, inhalants cause the least damage to the user

Back 68

FALSE:

Front 69

Overdose on ecstacy (MDMA) is easily treated without requiring hospitalization

Back 69

FALSE: get their ass to the hospital! :)

Front 70

GHB (gamma hydroxyl buturate) is chemically similar to the neurotransmitter GABA and is used as a date rape drug because it causes anterograde amnesia

Back 70

TRUE

Front 71

Suboxone, a sublingual tablet containing buprenorphine and naloxone that is used to tx opite addction, wil not make a person "high" if it is injected because the naloxone will bock the effects of the buprenorphine

Back 71

TRUE

Front 72

The hallucinogen DMT (dimethyltytamine) is found in the venom of certain toads and also in certain plants such as hoasca. It is an adrenergic agonist.

Back 72

FALSE: seratergic agonist