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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
0.45% NaCl
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1/2 normal saline
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acetaminophen (Tylenol)
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liver toxic
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acyclovir (Zovirax)
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treating the symptoms of herpes (genital, simplex, zoster); also used to treat chickenpox
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adenosine (Adenocard)
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management of rapid HR (supraventricular tachycardia)
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albumin 25% (Albuminar)
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used to treat hypoalbuminemia, third spacing, etc. by increasing the colloid oncotic pressure
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albuterol (Ventolin)
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hold for increased HR or BP
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amikacin (Amikin)
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nephrotoxicity; monitor BUN and creatinine levels
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amiodarone (cordarone)
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indicated for ventricular arrhythmias (PVCs, V-tach, V-fib)
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amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (Augmentin)
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defeat beta-lactamase producing organisms
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amphotericin B (Fungizone)
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pre-medicate with antipyretics, corticosteroids, antihistamines, meperidine, and antiemetics
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ampicillin (Omnipen)
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cross-sensitive with cephalosporins
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anastrozole (Arimidex)
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blocks estrogen receptors
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aropiprazole (Abilify)
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extrapyramidal reactions (tardive dyskinesias)
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atropine sulfate (generic)
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treatment of symptomatic bradycardia and heart blocks (increases
heart rate); treatment of pesticide and nerve agent poisonings; contraindicated in glaucoma |
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beclomethasone (Vanceril)
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asthma prophylaxis; rinse mouth out with water (will cause fungal infections)
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benztropine (Cogentin)
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contraindicated in glaucoma
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blood products
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whole blood and packed red blood cells can transmit oxygen; fresh frozen
plasma contains clotting factors |
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bosentan (Tracleer)
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indicated for pulmonary arterial hypertension
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ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
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cross blood/brain barrier; effective against CNS infections (meningitis)
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cephradine (Velosef)
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broad spectrum; cross-sensitive with penicillins
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ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
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broad spectrum
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corticosteroid drugs
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contraindicated in active infections; adverse effects include adrenal
suppression (Cushing’s syndrome), elevated blood sugar, and osteoporosis; do not stop abruptly cortisone (Cortisone) dexamethasone (Decadron) – reduce cerebral edema in meningitis methylprednisilone (Solu-Medrol) prednisone (Deltasone) |
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cyclosporine (Sandimmune)
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decrease immune response by inhibiting T-cell activity; adverse
effects may include opportunistic infections |
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D5W
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(dextrose, 5% in water)
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demeclocycline (Demclomycin)
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tetracycline; pregnancy D
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desmopressin (DDAVP)
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treatment of diabetes insipidus
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dextrose 50% in water (D50W)
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indicated for hypoglycemia
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diazoxide (Hyperstat)
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indicated for emergency treatment of hypertension
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digoxin (Lanoxin)
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increases force of cardiac contractions (+ inotropic), slows HR (- chronotropic); contraindicated in HR < 60 bpm
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digoxin immune Fab (Digibind)
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digoxin antidote; adverse effects include increased pulmonary edema
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diltiazem (Cardizem)
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indicated for hypertension and supraventricular tachycardia (SVT);
calcium channel blockers decrease HR and BP!!! |
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dopamine (Intropin)
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treatment of shock along with adequate fluid replacement
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doxycycline (Doxy Caps)
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tetracycline; treatment of anthrax; pregnancy D
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echinacea
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counters immunosuppressant drugs; blocks drugs for TB, cancers, and HIV
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enalapril (Vasotec)
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adverse effects include hypotension, dry cough, and tachycardia
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enfuvirtide (Fuzeon)
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prevents seroconversion
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enoxaparin (Lovenox)
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same as heparin, but safer because it blocks only one clotting factor; so safe patients may give themselves injections at home
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epoetin alfa (Procrit)
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stimulates RBC production in the bone marrow
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famotidine (Pepcid)
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interferes with drug/food absorption
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filgrastim (Neupogen)
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increases WBCs
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furosemide (Lasix)
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diuretic; inhibits reabsoprtion of lytes and water in the loop of Henle; cross-sensitive with sulfonamide antibiotics
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ginko biloba
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increases coagulation times when taken with warfarin
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glipizide (Glucotrol)
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stimulates pancreatic cells to produce insulin
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glucogon (GlucaGen)
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contraindication in starvation (no hepatic stores of glucose)
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haloperidol (Haldol)
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used acutely as “chemical handcuffs;” extrapyramidal reactions (tardive
dyskinesia) |
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heparin (porcine heparin)
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prevents new clots from forming
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hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
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adverse effects may include respiratory depression or arrest
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ibuprofen (Advil)
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inhibits prostaglandin synthesis; contraindicated in GI bleeding
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inamrinone (Inocor)
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short-term management of CHF not responding to digoxin or after digibind
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insulins
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contraindicated in hypoglycemia
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rDNA insulin analog (Lispro R)
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give with first bite of food
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rDNA insulin glargin (Lantus)
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24-hour insulin; give one dose daily at bedtime; SQ only, never IV
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interferon alfa-2b (Intron-A)
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adjunct with other drugs to treat leukemias, MS, chronic hepatitis (A, B, C), and AIDS
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isoniazid (INH)
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prophylaxis for TB exposure
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isosorbide (Isordil)
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long-acting nitrate; concurrent use with Viagra can result in profound hypotension
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Lactated Ringer’s solution
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replaces water and electrolytes; balance salt solution
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leucovorin (Wellcovorin)
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protects healthy cells from antimetabolites
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levonorgestrel (Norplant)
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used to treat men with prostate cancer
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lidocaine (Xylocaine)
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ventricular arrhythmias (PVCs, V-tach, V-fib); do not use with
epinephrine for a digital block |
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lithium carbonate (Carbolith)
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contraindicated in CV diseases
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loperamide (Imodium)
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used for diarrhea, esp. r/t tube feeding and antibiotic use; contraindicated in diarrhea caused by toxins (salmonella, shigella, etc.) because it will prevent the organisms from being moved out of the bowl and can cause toxic megacolon
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mannitol (Osmitrol)
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osmotic diuretic; reabsorption of lytes and water (potent kaluretic); adverse effects include transient volume expansion, hypokalemia, and phlebitis at the IV site (hypertonic)
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methotrexate (Folex)
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causes bone marrow depression, but it can be reduced with leucovorin rescue
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metoclopramide (Reglan)
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accelerates gastric emptying
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metronidazole (Flagyl)
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indicated in amebic dysentery and PCP
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morphine sulfate
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can cause respiratory depression or arrest
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nevirapine (Viramune)
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prevents seroconversion; adverse effects include severe fatigue, anemia, and bone marrow suppression
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oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
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indicated for avian flu (H5N1 virus)
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propranolol (Inderal)
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lowers BP and HR; contraindicated in asthma and COPD
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protamine sulfate (generic)
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heparin antidote
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reteplase (Retavase)
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lyses thrombi; specific only to newly formed clots
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rofecoxib (Vioxx)
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increases prothrombin which causes increased clotting
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somatropin (Humatrope)
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long bone X-rays are essential prior to administering to children to be sure that their epiphyses (growth plates) have not closed
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spironolactone (Aldactone)
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must teach patient not to eat foods rich in potassium
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sublingual nitroglycerine tablets (Nitro Bid)
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contraindicated in hypotension and concurrent
use with Viagra (profound hypotension) |
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tadalafil (Cialis)
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contraindicated in men using nitrates for angina (profound hypotension)
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technetium (99mTc, a radioactive isotope)
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must do serum pregnancy test
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trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Septra)
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cross-sensitive with furosemide (Lasix)
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vancomycin (Vancocin)
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used for MRSA; monitor IV sites frequently; do frequent peak and trough levels of BUN and creatinine to monitor for renal function
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warfarin sodium (Coumadin)
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interferes with vitamin K clotting factors
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zidovudine (AZT)
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prevents seroconversion
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α-tocopherol (vitamin E)
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best antioxidant; donates electron and becomes a free radical; vitamin C donates an electron to it to turn it back into vitamin E
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