Pharmacology Final

Front 1

Side effects of chronic steroid use include paranoia and violent behavior.

Back 1

True

Front 2

The penalty for possession of heroin, a schedule 1 drug, is the same as the penalty for all other scheduled drugs.

Back 2

True

Front 3

Self-mutilation sometimes occurs when a person take PCP (phencyclidine) because PCP is a powerful anesthetic.

Back 3

True

Front 4

Plant hallucinogens such as belladonna are acetylcholine antagonists that can cause convulsions and even death at high doses.

Back 4

True

Front 5

Peyote, a hallucinogenic cactus, is a serotonin agonist.

Back 5

False

Front 6

Of all of the drugs of abuse, inhalants cause the least damage to the user.

Back 6

False

Front 7

Overdose on ecstasy (MDMA) is easily treated without requiring hospitalization.

Back 7

False

Front 8

GHB (gamma hydroxyl butyrate) is chemically similar to the neurotransmitter GABA and is used as a date rape drug because it causes anterograde amnesia.

Back 8

True

Front 9

Suboxone, a sublingual tablet containing buprenorphine and naloxone that is used to treat opiate addiction, will not make a person "high" if it is injected because the naloxone will block the effects of the buprenorphine.

Back 9

True

Front 10

The hallucinogen DMT (dimethyltytamine) is found in the venom of certain toads and also in certain plants such as hoasca. It is an adrenergic agonist.

Back 10

True

Front 11

Older antipsychotics like haloperidol (Haldol) treat only the negative symptoms of psychosis.

Back 11

False

Front 12

Clozapine (Cloazril) is a newer atypical antipsychotic that is associated with a dangerous side effect, agranulocytosis.

Back 12

True

Front 13

Many of the newer antipsychotics such as Olanzepine (Zyprexa) and risperidone (Risperdol) have weight gain and diabetes as side effects.

Back 13

True

Front 14

Acute dyskinesia and tardive dyskinesia are 2 types of extrapryamidal side effects associated with older antipsychotics and both are irreversible.

Back 14

False

Front 15

Abrupt discontinuation of antipsychotics can result in a withdrawal syndrome, part of which treatment-resistant psychosis.

Back 15

True

Front 16

Two medications for Parkinson's disease block enzymes that break down dopamine. These drugs are selegiline (Eldepryl, Deprenyl) and amantadine (Symmetrel).

Back 16

False

Front 17

Direct dopamine agonists such as ropinerole (Requip) and pramiprexole (Mirapex) have been associated with compulsive behavior such as gambling in Parkinson's disease patients.

Back 17

True

Front 18

Many drugs used to treat Parkinson's disease can cause psychotic symptoms if the dose of their medication is too low.

Back 18

False

Front 19

A causal link has now been established between some pesticides and Parkinson's disease.

Back 19

True

Front 20

Parkinson's disease is caused by too little dopamine in the nucleus accumbens.

Back 20

False

Front 21

Lithium and valproate (Depakote) are the only drugs used for bipolar disorder that control both mania and depression.

Back 21

False

Front 22

Antipsychotics and anticonvulsants are used to control manic episodes in bipolar disorder.

Back 22

True

Front 23

Too much sodium in the diet can cause lithium toxicity.

Back 23

False

Front 24

Lithium is not metabolized and is excreted unchanged in the urine and it has a very narrow therapeutic index, requiring frequent blood tests to determine lithium levels.

Back 24

True

Front 25

Intravenous general anesthetics all decrease GABA.

Back 25

False

Front 26

Inhalation anesthetics are used for both induction and maintenance of anesthesia.

Back 26

False

Front 27

Local anesthetics often have epinephrine added to them to keep them localized.

Back 27

True

Front 28

Valproate (Depakote) has been associated with a severe rash, possibly fatal rash, known as Stevens Johnson syndrome.

Back 28

False

Front 29

Lamotrigine (Lamictal) and valproate (Depakote) both have caused cleft palate in the embryo when used during pregnancy.

Back 29

False

Front 30

Phenytoin (Dilantin) is associated with "hydantoin syndrome" that is very similar to fetal alcohol syndrome.

Back 30

True

Front 31

Increased heart rate and reflexes, fever, hallucinations and agitation are seen in an overdose of tricyclic antidepressants.

Back 31

False

Front 32

Tranylcypromine (Parnate) is an irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor.

Back 32

True

Front 33

Persistant pulmonary hypertension is a problem seen in newborns whose mothers have been on SSRIs during the pregnancy.

Back 33

True

Front 34

Decreased appetite and sexual dysfunction are common in people taking MAOIs.

Back 34

False

Front 35

People taking tricyclic antidepressants should avoid all foods containing tyramine.

Back 35

False

Front 36

When people take bensodiazepines chronically and undergo repeated withdrawals, levels of glutamate increase causing symptoms opposite of benzodiazepines.

Back 36

True

Front 37

Benzodiazepines are schedule III because they are highly addictive and cause physical dependence.

Back 37

False

Front 38

Venlafaxine (Effexor) causes retrograde ejaculation.

Back 38

False

Front 39

Eszopiclone (Lunesta) has sleep eating as a side effect.

Back 39

False

Front 40

Ramelteon (Rozerem) is a sedative-hypnotic that works by acting as a melatonin agonist.

Back 40

True

Front 41

Methimazole is more dangerous than propylthiouracil (PTU) for hyperthyroidism because it can cause irreversible liver damage

Back 41

False

Front 42

Methimazole, propythiouracil (PTU) and potassium iodide work by slowing down the production of thyroid hormone.

Back 42

True

Front 43

Side effects of drugs for hepothyroidism such as levothyroxine (Synthroid) are due to insufficient amounts of medication.

Back 43

False

Front 44

Most of the problems associated with insulin resistance are due to glycosylated proteins.

Back 44

True

Front 45

The miscellaneous antidiabetic exenatide (Byetta) causes weight loss and has been associated with pancreatitis.

Back 45

True

Front 46

Drugs that cause insulin release such sitigliptin (Januvia) can be used for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Back 46

False

Front 47

Meformin (Glucophage) decreases glucose output and increases glucose uptake.

Back 47

True

Front 48

Rosiglitazone (Avandia) have been associated with heart problems and bone thinning.

Back 48

True

Front 49

Sitigliptin (Januvia) has been associated with weight gain and hemolytic anemia.

Back 49

False

Front 50

Usually, the first sign of diabetes in cats is cataracts.

Back 50

False

Front 51

Sildenafil (Viagra) prevents metabolism of cGMP, promoting penile erection.

Back 51

True

Front 52

Blindness and loss of hearing are common side effects of Sildenafil (Viagra) and tadalafil (Cialis).

Back 52

False

Front 53

Tamsulosin (Flomax) is a drug for benign prostatic hyperplasia and it works by constricting the prostate muscles around the urethra so that urine out put is decreased.

Back 53

False

Front 54

Priapism is a side effect of certain drugs causing a prolonged erection that may need to be corrected surgically.

Back 54

True

Front 55

Any drug that crosses the placenta will automatically cross from blood into breast milk.

Back 55

False

Front 56

To be considered safe during both pregnancy and breat feeding, a drug should be lipid soluble, with low molecular weight and low protein binding.

Back 56

False

Front 57

If a pregnant mother near term is given a drug that induces liver enzymes and also crosses the placenta, the drug can also induce fetal enzymes.

Back 57

True

Front 58

Two ways by which a fetus may be protected from maternal drugs administered to the mother are metabolism of drug in the placenta, and also transport of certain drugs back out into the maternal circulation.

Back 58

True

Front 59

Memantine (Nemenda) is a glutamate agonist used for Alzheimer's disease.

Back 59

False

Front 60

Most drugs used for Alzheimer's disease are irreversible cholinesterase inhibitors.

Back 60

False

Front 61

One function of progestin in oral contraceptives is prevention of formation of a dominant follicle in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.

Back 61

False

Front 62

Estrogens in oral contraceptives suppress the luteinizing hormone surge preventing ovulation.

Back 62

False

Front 63

One benefit of Yaz is that it helps alleviate mood swings.

Back 63

True

Front 64

Lybrel was designed to eliminate periods (menstruation ) for as long as needed.

Back 64

True

Front 65

Estrogen excess is associated with hirsutism.

Back 65

False

Front 66

Combination estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives are contraindicated in women with cerebrovascular disease or clotting disorders.

Back 66

True

Front 67

Some women experience life-threatening bleeding after taking the abortion pill combination of RU486 (mifiprex) and Cytotec (misoprostol).

Back 67

True

Front 68

Bisphosphonates such as Fosamax and Evista are used as an alternative to estrogens to prevent bone breakdown, but they can cause esophageal ulcers if patients lie down after taking them.

Back 68

True

Front 69

Early breakthrough bleeding is a side effect of too much progestin.

Back 69

False

Front 70

Tricyclic antidepressants are the drugs of choice for PMDD.

Back 70

False

Front 71

An antibiotic that is bacteriostatic is better than a one that is bacterocidal in immunocompromised patients.

Back 71

False

Front 72

The antibiotic class most commonly associated with ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity is the aminoglycoside class (eg. streptomycin)

Back 72

True

Front 73

Penicillins and cephalosporins are the antibiotics most often associated with hypersensitivity reactions.

Back 73

True

Front 74

Metronidazole should not be taken with alcohol because it causes a disulfiram like reaction similar to when people drink alcohol while taking Antabuse.

Back 74

True

Front 75

One of the most dangerous bacterial infections can be caused by oral broad spectrum antibiotics because they kill off a lot of the normal gut flora, allowing stronger bacteria to grow and develop antibiotic resistance.

Back 75

True

Front 76

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics can be caused by a simple mutation such as a change in one amino acid.

Back 76

True

Front 77

One way that bacterial resistance is expressed is decreased breakdown of the antibiotic drug.

Back 77

False

Front 78

Some Staph aureus bacteria are now resistant to both methicillin and vncomycin, but people with infections caused resistant Staph. Aureus may be helped by linezolid (Zyvox)

Back 78

True

Front 79

The only antifungal drug that is given prophylactically to people with compromised immune systems is amphotericin.

Back 79

False

Front 80

People with fungal infections will usually have to be on antifungal therapy for several weeks or months.

Back 80

True

Front 81

Because of increased resistance to many drugs used to treat tuberculosis, people with tuberculosis commonly have to take 3 or more drugs for treatment.

Back 81

True