Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
240 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
why study pharmacology?
(7 reasons) |
1. obtaining an accurate health history
2. administering drugs 3. handling emergency situations 4. planning appointments 5. discussing drugs 6. life-long learning |
|
|
-name used while drug is under investigation
-determined by structure |
chemical name
|
|
|
-actually an assigned name
-this is a U.S adopted name council -not capitalized -official name of the drug |
generic name
|
|
|
discovering company gets to name their drug and market it exclusively for 17 years
-capitalized |
trade name
|
|
|
-technically this would be the name of the company marketing the drug
ex) Bayer (aspirin) |
Brand name
|
|
|
-drugs effect the body's biochemistry in some way
|
biochemical action
|
|
|
-drugs that effect the body's physiology in some way
|
physiologic effects
|
|
|
-drugs that target or effect a specific organ or system of the body
|
organ system action
|
|
|
drug that enters the body thru the GI tract
|
enteral
|
|
|
all other forms of administration
-usually means by injection |
parenteral
|
|
|
_____ drug that enters the body thru the GI tract
-fast absorbant (almost all goes in the bloodstream) |
enteral
|
|
|
______-all other forms of administration
-in real life usually means by injection |
parenteral
|
|
|
_____-by mouth
|
oral
|
|
|
_____-drug that enters body through the rectum
|
rectal route
|
|
|
______-provides the most immediate route
|
intravenous
|
|
|
_____ route-drug is placed into a large muscle
|
intramuscular
|
|
|
-drug is injected into the subcutaneous areolar tissue
(occupies the interspaces in the body) -used for insulin injections |
subcutaneous route
|
|
|
-drug is injected into the epidermis of the skin
|
-intradermal route
|
|
|
_____ route-drug is injected into the spinal subarachnoid (surrounds the spinal cord)
|
intrathecal route
|
|
|
_____ route-fluids are placed into the peritoneal cavity
|
intraperitoneal route
|
|
|
______ route-can be used with several drug forms
|
inhalation route
|
|
|
_____ route-drug is applied directly to the body surface
|
topical route
|
|
|
subgingival stips and gels, transdermal patches, sublingual, are all _____ routes-other routes include implantation under the skin and pumps
|
special
|
|
|
_______ the study of how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized and excreted by the body
|
pharmacokinetics
|
|
|
______ _____ ______: plotting the intensity of the response will yield a certain type of curve
|
dose effect curve
|
|
|
_____ _____ _____: a way of replotting the dose and effect in order to test the drugs potency and efficacy
|
Log dose curve
|
|
|
______: is the function of the amount of a drug required to produce an effect
|
-potency- the function of the amount of a drug required to produce an effect
-the less drug needed a more potent drug |
|
|
the concept of potency only works when you're.......
|
-only works when you're comparing drugs that do the same thing
|
|
|
______ is the max effect a drug can produce
|
efficacy
|
|
|
the efficacy and potency of a drug are _____
|
unrelated
|
|
|
______ ______: a substance produced at the site of action
|
local substances
ex) histamine release at nose |
|
|
______: responses to hormones are the slowest of the three systems
|
hormones
|
|
|
_______-messengers that move electrical impulses across synapses to a receptor
|
neurotransmitter
|
|
|
After a drug has been _____ in the body a pharmacologic effect can take place
|
distributed
|
|
|
drugs can not cause a ____ _____ to take place, they can only modify an existing function
|
new function
|
|
|
_____ _____:impulses travel along a nerve producing an action potential
-drugs enter the picture by ineteracting w/ the receptors that are normally occupied by the body's natural substances |
nerve transmission
|
|
|
_____ _____: are fast signaling receptors
-when the receptor is activated ion channels are opened and an effect is produced |
ion channels
|
|
|
the _____ has an affinity for a receptor
-combines w/a receptor -produces an effect |
agonist (the good guy)
|
|
|
_______: the agent that counteracts the action of its counterpart
-competitive |
antagonist
|
|
|
______ ______-binds to receptor that is different than the agonist
-reduces the maximal effect of the agonist by producing an opposite effect of the agonist |
noncompetitive antagonist
|
|
|
______ ______-binds to a different receptor than the agonist
-reduces the maximal effect of the agonist by producing an opposite effect |
physiologic antagonist
|
|
|
______: the time it takes for the drug to show an effect
|
onset
|
|
|
______: how long a drug remains active
|
duration
|
|
|
______; drug that enters the body through the GI tract
disadvantages-slower onset than any injection -has a less predictable response -patient must cooperate |
enteral
|
|
|
______: all other forms of administrations-usually means by injection
-fast absorption, more predictable, useful for emergencies-pt can be unconscious |
parenteral
|
|
|
ADME
|
absorption
distribution metabolism excretion |
|
|
_____ ______: aka., will work with lipid soluble substances
-concentration inside the cell must be lower than the concentration outside the cell |
passive transfer-
|
|
|
name 2 types of specialized transport
|
active transport and facilitated diffusion
|
|
|
____ _____: molecules can be transported against a concentration gradient
|
active transport
|
|
|
_____ _____: does not move against a concentration/gradient
|
facilitated diffusion
|
|
|
_______: process by which the drug molecules are transferred from the site of administration to the circulating blood stream
|
absorption
|
|
|
_______ molecules transverse (cross) body molecules easier than they ionize
|
non-ionized
|
|
|
If drug is not in solution form, the drug must go through four steps: (4)
|
1. disruption
2. disintegration 3 dispersion 4. dissolution |
|
|
_______ when the codeine or shell comes up
|
disruption
|
|
|
________: when the tablet or capsule breaks up
|
disintegration
|
|
|
________: the drug particles must disperse
|
dispersion
|
|
|
_______: the drug must be dissolved in the stomach
|
dissolution
|
|
|
_______: transfer of drug from site of administration to blood stream
|
absorption
|
|
|
_______: process by which a drug reversibly leaves the blood stream and enters the system
|
distribution
|
|
|
_____ ______: the liver is the major site for this
|
drug metabolism
|
|
|
_______: this terminates drug effects
-they are most often eliminated by biotransformation and/or excretion into the urine or bile |
elimination
|
|
|
the major round of ______ elimination from the body is excretion in the urine
|
fluoride
|
|
|
_____ and _____ ____use AGE in determining child's dose of drug; the surface area rule is MOST accurate and employs WEIGHT to determine child's dose of drug to safely administer
|
Cowling's and Young's rule
|
|
|
_____ _____: amount of desired effect is excessive; dose related
|
toxic reaction
|
|
|
____ _____: dose related that is not part of the desired therapeutic outcome; non-therapeutic action of drug such as the drowsiness that occurs with antihistamine use
|
side effect
|
|
|
______ ______; abnormal drug response that is usually genetically related
|
idiosyncratic reaction
|
|
|
____ _____: hypersensitivity response to a drug to which the patient has been previously exposed; not dose related
|
drug allergy
|
|
|
____ _____: causal relationship between maternal drug use and congenital abnormalities
ex.) thalidomide induction of phocomelia (shortened limbs) |
teratogenic effect
|
|
|
____ ____; local tissue irritation
ex) tissue necrosis at site of injection |
local effect
|
|
|
____ ______: effect of one drug is altered by another
-may result in toxicity or lack of efficacy |
drug interaction
|
|
|
_____ _____: immune hypersensitivity reaction
-may be mild or life-threatening ("anaphylaxis") |
allergic reactions
|
|
|
treatment of chice
-mild reactions: _____ w/o steroids -anaphylactic reaction: ______ subcutaneously with or without steroids |
-antihistamine
-epinephrine |
|
|
xerostomia associated with antihistamine use is an example of a:
|
side effect
|
|
|
drugs cross the placenta by simple diffusion
|
placenta
|
|
|
-body's way of changing a drug so that it can be more easily excreted
|
metabolism
|
|
|
______: the product of metabolism
|
metabolite
|
|
|
_____ _____ is metabolized into an inactive compund
|
active drug
|
|
|
_____ drug is metabolized into an inactive compound, which then elicits an action
|
inactive
|
|
|
_______: mathematical way in which drugs are removed from the body
|
kinetics
|
|
|
___ _____ _____: enzymes that metabolize the drug, become saturated, causing the metabolism to have a fixed rate
ex's) alcohol, aspirin |
zero order kinetics
|
|
|
_____ dose- the dose that produces the clinically desired effect
|
effective dose
|
|
|
FTC=
|
Federal Trade Commission
|
|
|
Mouthbreathing, Phenytoin, Genetic factors, Cyclosporin A, Sodium valporate, Calcium channel blockers (nifedipine, dilatiazem) : these can all generate:
|
gingival overgrowth
|
|
|
_______ Nervous System has automatic, involuntary responses; responsible for regulation of: blood pressure, heart rate, GI motility, salivation, bronchial/smooth muscle tone-acts to speed processes up to cope with sudden emergencies
|
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
|
|
|
_______; the rest and digest system; acts to slow body functions; neurotransmitter: acetylcholine
|
PANS (parasympathetic autonomic nervous system)
|
|
|
_______, _______, and/or ________ are used to treat xerostomia, urinary retention, glaucoma
-contraindications: asthma, peptic ulcer, cardiac disease, GI/Urinary obstruction |
Paraympathomimetics, cholinergic agents or muscarinic drugs (used to mimic the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
|
|
|
________ agents block acetylcholine receptors by inhibiting acetylcholine effects
ex's) immodium, atropine, scopolamine |
anticholinergic agents/ uses include treatment of diarrhea, pre-operatively to decrease salivary flow in the dental setting, motion sickness-(ABCD-Anticholinergic agents, Blurred vision and bladder retention, Constipation, Dry mouth)
|
|
|
________;
neurotransmitter: norepinephrine functions: vasoconstriction, dilates bronchioles of the lung, increases heart rate, dilates pupils |
Sympathetic Autonomic Nervous System
|
|
|
________ or ________(mimic effects of sympathetic nervous system; 'fight or flight'
ex's-epinephrine, pseudoephedrine, albuterol, ritalin, diet pills |
sympathomimetics or adrenergic agents
|
|
|
drugs cross the _____ by simple diffusion
|
placenta
|
|
|
_______: body's way of changing a drug so that it can bne more easily excreted
|
metabolism
|
|
|
______ is the most common site of metabolism
|
liver
|
|
|
active drug is metabolized into an ______ compound
|
inactive
|
|
|
inactive drug is metabolized into an _______ compound, which then elicits an action
|
active
|
|
|
Active drug is metabolized into another _______ compound, the 2nd active compound is then metabolized into an inactive compound
|
active
|
|
|
_______: mathematical representation in the way in wqhich drugs are removed from the body
|
kinetics
|
|
|
_____ _____ _____: enzymes that metabolize the drug, become saturated, causing the metabolism to have a fixed rate
|
zero order kinetics
|
|
|
_____ ____:a measure of the safety of a particular drug
|
therapeutic index
|
|
|
____ _____ ____: dose that kills 50% of the test subjects
|
median effective dose
|
|
|
______=pain reliever
|
analgesic
|
|
|
Acetylsalicylic acid=______
|
aspirin
|
|
|
______= original name for the group of drugs & it means "stuper," it now includes drugs not derived from the opium poppy
|
narcotic
|
|
|
_____= drugs derived from the actual opium (poppy)
|
opiates
|
|
|
_____=includes opiates but it also includes synthetically drugs w/ the similar effects
|
opioids
|
|
|
the severity of the _____ _____ is proportional to the efficacy/strength of the drug
|
side effect
|
|
|
_____ is used as an antipyretic and is especially useful for children age 16 and younger
|
tylenol
|
|
|
____ _____: amount of desired effect is excessive; dose relate
|
toxic reaction
|
|
|
_____ _____; dose related reaction that is not part of the desired therapeutic outcome; non-therapeutic action of drug such as the drowsiness that occurs with antihistamine use
|
Side effect
|
|
|
______ _____: abnormal drug response that is usually genetically related
|
idiosyncratic reaction
|
|
|
_____ ____: hypersensitivity response to a drugs to which the patient has been previously exposed; not dose related
|
drug allergy
|
|
|
______ _____; causal relationship between maternal drug use and congenital abnormalities
|
teratogenic effect
|
|
|
____ _____: local tissue irritation
|
local effect
|
|
|
_____ _____: effect of one drug is altered by another, may result in toxicity or lack of efficacy
|
drug interactions
|
|
|
_____ _____: immune hypersensitivity reaction/may be mild or life-threatening
|
allergic reactions
|
|
|
______: treatment of choice for mild allergic reactions
|
antihistamine with or without steroids
|
|
|
treatment of choice for anaphylacic allergic reactions is _______
|
epinephrine subcutaneously with or without steroids
|
|
|
xerostomia associated with antihistamine use is an example of:
|
a side effect
|
|
|
mouthbreathing, Phenytoing, genetic factors, Cyclosporin A, Sodium valporate, Calcium channel blockers, (nifedipine, dilatiazem) all can cause ?
|
gingival overgrowth
|
|
|
substances that act against or destroy infections
|
antiinfective agents
|
|
|
substances that destroy or suppress the gwoth or multiplication of bacteria
|
antibacterial agents
|
|
|
chemical substances produced by microorganisms that have the capacity, in dilute solutions, to destroy or suppress the growth or multiplication of bacteria or prevent their action.
|
antibiotic agents
|
|
|
substances that destroy or suppress the growth or multiplication of microorganisms
|
antimicrobial agents
|
|
|
substances that destroy or suppress the growth or multiplication of microorganisms
|
antifungal agents
|
|
|
substances that destroy or suppress the growth or multiplication of viruses
|
antiviral agents
|
|
|
the ability to kill bacteria. this effect is irreversible; that is, if the bacteria are removed from the drug, they do not live.
|
bactericidal
|
|
|
the ability to inhibit or retard the multiplication or growth of bacteria. this is a reversible process bacause if the bacteria are removed from the agent, they are able to grow and multiply
|
bacteriostatic
|
|
|
concentrations of antiinfective agent present in the blood or serum.
|
blood (serum) level
|
|
|
______ is not only an invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms but also a reaction of the tissues to their presence.
|
infection
|
|
|
_______ is also the neurotransmitter at the sympathetic pre-ganglionic synapses, some sympathetic post-ganglionic synapses and at some sites in the CNS
|
Acetylcholine
|
|
|
these are the Functions of what nervous system? vasoconstriction, dilates bronchioles of the lung (which allows for greater alveolar oxygen exchange), increases heart rate, dilates pupils
|
Sympathetic Autonomic Nervous System (SANS)
|
|
|
-neurotransmitter of the SANS is _______?
|
norepinephrine
|
|
|
_____: contains the prescribers name
-the name, address, and telephone number & age of pt. -date of prescription |
Heading
|
|
|
_____: contains the prescription symbol
-the name & dosage size of the drug -amount to be dispensed -directions to the patient |
Body
|
|
|
_____: containts the prescriber's signature
-DEA # if it's necessary -refill instructions |
Closing
|
|
|
a
|
before (a is before b)
|
|
|
ac
|
Before meals
|
|
|
bid
|
2 times a day
|
|
|
c
|
with
|
|
|
cap
|
capsule
|
|
|
d
|
day
|
|
|
disp
|
dispense
|
|
|
gm
|
gram
|
|
|
gr
|
grain
|
|
|
gtt
|
drop
|
|
|
h
|
hour
|
|
|
hs
|
at bedtime
|
|
|
P
|
after
|
|
|
pc
|
after meals
|
|
|
PO
|
by mouth
|
|
|
prn
|
as required if needed
|
|
|
q
|
every
|
|
|
qid
|
4 times a day
|
|
|
s
|
without
|
|
|
sig
|
write
|
|
|
ss
|
one-half
|
|
|
stat
|
immediately
|
|
|
tab
|
tablet
|
|
|
tid
|
3 times a day
|
|
|
ud
|
as directed
|
|
|
_____: substances that act against or destroy infections
|
ani-infective agents
|
|
|
____ ____: substances that destroy or suppress the growth or multiplication of bacteria
|
antibacterial agents
|
|
|
____ _____: chemical substances produced by MO's that have the capactiy in dilute solutions, to destroy or suppress the growth or multiplication of organisms or prevent their action
|
antibiotic agents
|
|
|
___ _____: substances that destroy or suppress the growth or multiplication of Microorganisms
|
antimicrobial agents
|
|
|
_____ _____: substances that destroy or suppress the growth or multiplication of fungi
|
antifungal agents
|
|
|
____ ______: substances that destroy or suppress the growth or multiplication of viruses
|
antiviral agents
|
|
|
______: the ability to kill bacteria. This effect is irreverisible; that is, if the bacteria are removed from the drug they don't live
|
bactericidal
|
|
|
______: the ablility to inhibit or retard the multiplication or growth of bacteria. This is a reversable process b/c if the bacteria are removed from the afent, they are able to grow and multiply
|
bacteriostatic
|
|
|
____ _____: the concentration of the antiinfective afent present in the blood or serum.
-important b/c certain levels of an antibiotic are required to produce an effect on various types of organisms |
blood (serum) level
|
|
|
______: is not only an invasion of the body by pathogenic MO's but also a reaction of the tissues to their presence
|
infection
|
|
|
the presence of a _____ does not constitute "invasion"
-likelihood of organism to cause infection depends on (what 3 things?) |
pathogen
-Dx-producing power of the MO -# of organisms present -resistance of the host (immunologic response) |
|
|
____ ___ ____ (____): lowest concentration needed to inhibit visible growth of an organism on media after 18 to 34 hours of incubation
|
min. inhibitory concentration (MIC)
|
|
|
_____: is the natural or acquired ability of an organism to be immune to or to resist the effects of an anit-infective agent
|
resistance
|
|
|
_____ is the rance of activity of a drug
|
spectrum
|
|
|
______, ______: infection caused by the proliferation of MO's different from those causing the original infection
ex) C. albicans (fungus) |
superinfection, suprainfection
|
|
|
______: occurs when the combination of 2 antibiotics produces more effect than would be expected of their individual effects were added
|
synergism
|
|
|
_______: occurs when a combination of 2 agents produces less effect than either agent alone
|
antagonism
|
|
|
Ideallly each infection would be cultured and then ______ to see which antibiotic it's sensitive to
-unsusual practice is to make the ____ _____ |
-tested
-educated guess |
|
|
______ _______: if patient's immune system is functioning properly many dental infections do not require an antibiotic.
-establishment of proper drainage is usually all that is needed |
therapeutic indications
|
|
|
Any company producing the generic drug must be able to show that their product/version is "_______ equivalent" it then must also be "_______ equivalent"
|
biologically and therapeutically
|
|
|
Federal regulatory agencies and laws: federal govenment got into drug regulation in 1914 with the....?
|
Harrison narcotic act
|
|
|
all drugs in the U.S must be approved by the ____ and _____ _____
|
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
|
|
|
______ determines if a prescription will be necessary or if it will be sold OTC
|
FDA
|
|
|
the ____ ____ ____ regulates trade practices of the drug companies
|
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
|
|
|
the _____ _____ _____-formed in 1970s regulates drugs that have abuse potential
|
Drug Enforcement Agency
|
|
|
_____ ____ divides controlled substances into schedules according to the abuse potential
|
Federal law
|
|
|
Schedule I drugs have the ____ abuse potential and schedule V drugs have the _____ potential
|
highest/lowest
|
|
|
_____ _____: dose that produces the clinically desired effect
|
effective dose
|
|
|
WHAT dilates bllod vessels leading to the GI tract, increasing blood flow, constricts the bronchiolar diameter, causes constriction of the pupil and lens, stimulates salivary gland secretion, accelerates peristalsis, activity mediates digestion of food and indirectly, the absorption of nutrients?
|
PANS: Parasympathetic Autonomic Nervous System
|
|
|
WHAT regulates blood pressure, heart rate, GI motility, Salivation, and Bronchial/smooth muscle tone?
|
the Autonomic Nervous System
|
|
|
The effects of anitcholinergic agents are:
|
remember ABCD:
Anitcholinergic agents Blurred vision and Bladder retention Constipation Dry mouth |
|
|
What neurotransmitter effects the SANS?
|
norepinephrine
|
|
|
these are examples of what?
-epinephrine, pseudoephedrine, albuterol, ritalin, diet pills |
Sympathomimetics or adrenergic agents
|
|
|
Contraindications for Sympathomimetics or adrenergic agents include:
|
angina uncontrolled hypertension, uncontrolled hyperthyroidism, cocaine and amphetamine abuse
|
|
|
those drugs not causing gingival overgrowth include:
|
digoxin, Beta blockers
|
|
|
_______ is contraindicated in a cocaine or methamphetamine abuser
|
epinephrine
|
|
|
Methamphetamine abuse: often, addicts and recovering addicts suffer from what two things?
|
rampant caries and burned mucosal surfaces
|
|
|
_______: used as bronchodilator, drug of choice for acute asthma, very few cardiovascular effects
|
Albuterol
|
|
|
_______: rarely used not as a bronchodilator in asthma
|
Isoproterenol
|
|
|
______: durg of choice for shock-administered by continuous infusion
|
Dopamine
|
|
|
______: minimizes symptoms that accompany withdrawal from opiates and benzodiazepines
|
Clonidine
|
|
|
case study featured a child taking albuterol suggested the best way to avoid a medical emergency in the dental setting was to monitor ____ _____
|
vital signs
|
|
|
beta 1 receptors are located mainly in the ______
|
heart
|
|
|
beta 2 receptors are located?
|
all over the body, but mainly in the lungs, muscles and arterioles
|
|
|
Drugs that block beta 1 receptors: (they do the opposite)
|
lower the heart rate and blood pressure and are useful when the heart itself is deprived of oxygen
|
|
|
non-selective beta blockers should not be used in patients with asthma or any reactive airway disease-doing so can ____ the effects of beta-2 agonists, such as albuterol
|
block
|
|
|
what? are effective in treating: cardiac arrhthmias, angina pectoris, hyperthyroidism, Myocardial infarction, glaucoma, migraine prevention
|
B-adrenergic blocking agents
|
|
|
_______-prototype of B-adrenergic blockers
-lowers blood pressure by lowering cardiac output -adverse reactions include: bronchoconstriction, and arrythmias |
Propranolol
|
|
|
_______-reduces aqueous humor in the eye, used topically in the treatment of glaucoma
|
Timolol
|
|
|
______: cardioselective B-blocker
-eliminates bronchoconstrictor effect -used in treating hypertensive asthmatic patients |
Atenolol
|
|
|
Nonopioid analgesic
________: prototype of non-narcotic analgesics -considered a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) |
Aspirin
|
|
|
_____ is used as an analgesia, antipyretic, and antiinflammatory
|
Aspirin
|
|
|
Mechanism of action of Aspirin:
|
inhibition of prostoglandin synthesis
|
|
|
Fever is reduced through action on _______
|
hypothalamus
|
|
|
side effects of _____: interferes with clotting, GI irritation (contraindicated with peptic ulcer)
|
aspirin
|
|
|
Approximately 15% of patients taking aspirin experience _______ _____
|
Hypersensitivity reactions
|
|
|
in children and adolescents the use of aspirin has been epidemiologically associated with _____ ______
|
Reye's Sydrome
|
|
|
in place of aspirin, ________ is used in pediatrics for both its analgesic and antipyretic action
|
acetaminophen
|
|
|
_______ or aspirin toxicity: GI upset/vomiting, confusion and dissiness, dim vision, tinnitus, coma, respiratory and metabolic acidosis, death from respiratory failure
|
Toxicity
|
|
|
ibuprophen is a?
|
nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAIDS)
|
|
|
_______ mechanism of action: inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis
-Action |
Ibuprophen
|
|
|
_______ side effects: interferes with clotting (contraindcated with coumadin(warfarin) due to drug interaction
|
______ is available in suspension form for pediatric use as an antipyretic
|
|
|
Acetaminophen has no antiinflammatory action or effect on clotting, therefore is not considered an _______
|
NSAID
|
|
|
_______ is the drug of choice for patients on anticoagulants (coumadin)or with peptic ulcer disease
|
acetaminophen
|
|
|
________ actions:
analgesic and antipyretic and is the drug of choice for patients on anticoagulants (coumdin) or with peptic ulcer disease |
Acetaminophen
|
|
|
Overdose of acetaminophen can result in:
|
Hepatotoxicity, liver necroseis, death
|
|
|
For postoperative pain, medication recommendation following root planing, the correct response was _______
|
acetaminophen
|
|
|
_____ _______: block pain receptors in the brain without loss of consciousness
protoype: morphine |
Opioid analgesics (Narcotics)
|
|
|
Overdose of __________can result in:
-hepatotoxicity -liver necrosis -death |
acetaminophen
|
|
|
codeine may cause emesis (vomiting) which is not a sign of allergy, rather it is a ___ ____
|
side effect
|
|
|
codeine alone is Schedule ___ narcotic while codeine in combination with acetamiophen is schedule ___
|
II/ III
|
|
|
overdose of opioids can lead to......
|
respiratory depression and death
|
|
|
_____: opioid antagonist
-used to treat opioid overdose -should be in dental emergency kit |
Narcan
|
|
|
______: efficacious for the treatment of narcotic withdrawal and dependence
|
Methadone
|
|
|
_____ users will exhibit pinpoint pupils during use; ______ users will exhibit dilated pupils
|
Heroin/cocaine
|
|
|
class IV drug abusers need to be ________ with antibiotics prior to treatment
|
premedicated
|
|
|
_____ are the best pain medication for heroin addicts
|
NSAIDS
|
|
|
______ is the most commonly prescribed antibacterial in the dental profession b/c it is most effective against rapidly growing organisms-can be given to pregnant women
|
Penicillin (derivatives are amoxicillin, augmentin, ampicillin)
|
|
|
_______ work by destroying bacterial cell wall integrity which leads to lysis
|
Penicillins
|
|
|
_______ is the most likely antibiotic to produce an anaphylactic reaction
|
penicillin
|
|
|
_______: avoid use in pregnancy and early childhood due to tooth discoloration
|
tetracyclines
|
