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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Active Immunity |
The body recognizes a foreign protein and begins producing its own antibodies to react to it |
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Passive Immunity |
Transferred from one person to another, occurs when performed antibodies are injected into the system and react with a specific antigen |
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Immunization definition and goal |
The process of artificially stimulating active imunity to cause an immune response without having the patient suffer the full course of a disease |
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Live (Atenuated) Vaccine |
Microbes are alive but weakened |
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Killed (Inactivated) vaccine |
Microbes are unable to cause disease and several boosters may be necessary |
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Vaccine contraindications |
Pregnancy, allergies to vaccine components, blood or blood products within the last 3 months, acute infection |
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What are the 8 types of antibiotics? |
Aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, penicillin, fluroquinolone, glycopeptide, macrolides, sulfonamides, tetracycline |
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Aminoglycosides action and indications |
Action: bacteriocidal Indication: severe CNS infection, respiratory infections, GI, urinary tract, and tuberculosis |
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Aminoglycosides medications |
Gentamycin ( Garamycin) Streptomycin Neomycin Tobramycin |
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Aminoglycocides side effects and nursing considerations |
Side effects: ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea Nursing considerations: check cranial nerve functions, renal function, encourage fluids, small, frequent meals, take 7-10 days |
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Common side effects of antibiotics and how to treat it |
Diarrhea, yogurt or buttermilk |
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Cephalosporins action and indications |
Action: bacteriocidal Indications: phayngitis, tonsillitis, otitis media, respiratory tract infections, meningitis, UTI |
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Cephalosporins medications |
Cephalexin (Keflex) Cefaclor (ceclor) Ceftriaxone (rocephin) Cefepime (maxipime) |
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Cephalosporins side effects |
Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, bleeding, rash, thrombophlebitis, abcess formation, and superinfection |
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Penicillin medications |
Amoxicillin Ampicillin Methicillin Penicillin Nafcillin |
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Penicillin indications and cautions |
Indications: moderate-severe infections, respiratory infections Cautions: pregnancy, breast feeding, oral contraception |
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Penicillin side effects and nursing considerations |
Side effects: rash, low RBC, WBC, and platelets, strep throat, gastritis, diarrhea, superinfection Considerations: good mouth care, take on empty stomach, finish all medications |
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What to give of patient is allergic to penicillin |
Erythromycin or cephalosporin |
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Fluroquinalones medications |
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) Levofloxacin (Levaquin) Norfloxacin (Noroxin) |
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Fluroquinolone indications and nursing considerations |
Indications: treats infections caused by E. Coli Considerations: 1hr before or 2 hr after meals, report tendon pain, encourage fluids, antacids 2 hr after med if needed |
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Fluroquinolone side effects |
Headache, nausea, diarrhea, Achilles tendon rupture |
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Glycopeptide medication and side effects |
Vancomycin (Vancocin) Thrombophlebitis, abscess formation, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and red man syndrome |
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Glycopeptide indication and nursing considerations |
Indication: resistant staph infection Considerations: monitor renal function and hearing, vanco trough level, avoid extravasation |
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Red man syndrome signs and treatments |
Decreased blood pressure, flushing of face and neck Antihistamine |
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Macrolides medications |
Erythromycin (erythrocin) Azethromycin (zithromax) Z-pack |
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Macrolides action and indications |
Action: bacteriostatic, binds to cell membranes and causes changes in protein function Indications: acute infection (whooping cough), upper respiratory tract infection, prolaxis before dental procedures, acne and skin infections |
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Macrolides side effects and nursing considerations |
Side effects: GI upset, diarrhea, hepatotoxicity (liver), superinfections Considerations: take 1 hr before or 2-3 hr after meals |
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Sulfonamides medications |
Trimthoprim/sulfamethoxazole (bactrim) Sulfasalazine (azulfidine) |
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Sulfonamides indications and nursing considerations |
Indications: otitis media, meningitis, UTI, Crohn's disease Considerations: encourage fluid intake, wear sunscreen, good mouth care |
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Sulfonamides side effects |
crystalluria, proteinuria, photosensitivity, stomatitis, peripheral neuropathy |
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Tetracycline medications |
Doxycycline (vibramycin) Minocycline (minocin) Tetracycline (panmycin) |
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Tetracycline indications and nursing considerations |
Indications: chlamydia, acne, gonorrhea, malaria, prophylaxis, and Lyme disease Considerations: extra contraception, don't take with dairy |
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Tetracycline side effects |
Discoloration of teeth, glossitis, dysphagia, superinfection, rash, diarrhea |
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Metronidazole indication, side effects, and nursing considerations |
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Antiviral medications, indications, and actions |
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Acyclovir (Zovirax) side effects and nursing considerations |
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Antifungal action, medications, and indications |
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Antifungal side effects and nursing considerations |
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Antiretroviral actions |
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HIV/AIDS medications |
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Tuberculosis |
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Tuberculosis medications and side effects |
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Tuberculosis nursing considerations |
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Types of antineoplastic medications (4) |
Chemotherapy, alkylating agents, antimetabolites, hormonal agents |
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Chemotherapy medications actions |
Kill or control cancer cells and target specific area affected by cancer |
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Alkylating agents medications |
Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) Chlorambucil (Leukeran) |
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Antimetabolites medications (3) |
Methotrexate Flurouracil Hydroxyurea |
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Hormonal agent |
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) |
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Cyclophosphemide (Cytoxan) action and inications |
Action: interferes with rapidly reproducing cell DNA Indications: leukemia and multiple myeloma |
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Methotrexate (MTX) action and indications |
Action: interferes with cell division Indications: acute leukemia, psoriasis, cancer of colon, breast, stomach, and pancreas, and sickle cell anemia |
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Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) indication, side effects, and nursing considerations |
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Antineoplastic medications side effects and nursing considerations |
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