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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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blocks transmission WITHIN sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglion
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anti-nicotinic drugs
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prototype for antimuscarinic agents
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ATROPINE
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Antipsychotics
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Haldol
Thorazine |
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HYOSCYAMINE
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AKA atropine - an anti-muscarinic prototype
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block transmission BETWEEN the parasympathetic postganglionic fiber and the target organ
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antimuscarinic drugs
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TCA's
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Elavil (amitriptyline)
Tofranil |
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tertiary ammonium analogues of atropine
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dicyclomine (Bentyl)
tropicamide Mydriacil |
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dimenhydrinate
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dramamine, antihistamine
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action of Atropine
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reversible, competitive blockade of muscarinic receptors
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how can Atropine be overcome?
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a concentration of Ach greater than that of atropine, or a muscarinic AGONIST
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diphenhydramine
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benedryl, antihistamine
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side effects of antihistamines
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predictable anti-muscarinic
dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation = the opposite of DUMBELS |
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action of fundoscopic drugs
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cause temporary paralysis of ciliary body, pupillary dilation (mydriasis)
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drugs to cause mydriasis
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tropcamide (Mydriacil)
cyclogil Atropine sulfate |
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treating allergies
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antihistamines
dimenydrinate (dramamine) benedryl |
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name the tertiary cmpds use dto treat IBS
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Bentyl (dicyclomine)
Levsin |
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name an opoid from the handout combined with another drug to tx mild GI hypermobility?
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diphenoxylate
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thes drugs reduce vagal-muscarinic induced gastric acid secretion
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quaternary compounds
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Librax
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clidinium and chloradiaepoxide - for tx of IBS
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what are the advantages of using quaternary compounds over H2 blockers for IBS and peptic ulcer?
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they dont cross the BBB, and can be used when the others are not tolerated well
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why would you Rx Lomotil? whart are the components of this drug?
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travelers diarrhea and mild GI tract hypermobility
-atropine + diphenoxylate (an opoid) |
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differentiate b/t the common anti-diarrheal treaments of Imodium
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Imodium is Rx Imodium A-D is OTC,= not antimuscarinic, only opoid drugs
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trimethaphan on rare occaisons may be used to...
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decrease blood pressure in an emergency situation - the reason it is rarely used = adverse autonomic affects
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name the quaternary compound used to treate IBS and peptic ulcer
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glycopyrrolate (Rubinol)
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a synthetic amine that acts as a ganglionic blocker for both the para and sympa systems is
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Arfonad (trimethaphan)
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T/F the best course of tx for C. diff. Colitis is Imodium
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FALSE - this Chlamydia bacteria releases toxins A & B and can destroy the colon - antidiarrheal drugs will enhance the lifespan of C. ddiff, ulitmately necitating total colectomy
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three drugs used as adjuvants in the tx of IBS
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Roninul, Bentyl, Libras, Levsin
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Flagyl (metronidazloe) and/or vancomycin are used to treat...
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C. difficile colitis
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ditropan, oxybutynin and detrol LA
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used to treat overactive bladder
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why was atropine or scopolamine used along with ether during surgery?
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to prevent bronchial secretions and laryngospasm
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what is the effect of parasympathetic muscarinic activity in relationship to the bronchial system?
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causes bronchoconstriction in the bronchial tree
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what affect does an antimuscarinic drug have on the bronchioles?
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they are bronchdilators, and facilitate breathing
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what seems to be the trigger for C. diff colitis?
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use of broad spectrum ABx- it kills off the good commensal bacteria and allows C. Diff to grow
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Atroven, spiriva an combivent are used to treat what?
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ashtma and COPD a
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what are the advantages of using and inhaler to tx COPD asthma?
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localized delivery, thereby reducing possible side effects of the drugs
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what are negative side effects of using an antimuscarinic cmpd along with anesthesia?
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postop tendency toward intestinal hypomobility and urinary retention exacerbation
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what current anesthesia agents are used to avoid the use of antimuscarinic drugs?
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halothane, enflurane, isoflurane
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trigger for asthma inhalers
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just ASC for one to help you breath
Atrovent spiriva combivent |
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what antihistamines have antimuscarinic effects an waht are they used for? side effects?
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Dramamine and Antivert - used to treat motion sickness- can cx drowsiness
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what antiemetics/antimuscarinics are used to treat motion sickness?
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Transderm Scop patch
scopolamine Dramamine Antivert |
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what is the drug of choice for Parkinson's disease?
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levodopa
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what is the primary action of Parkinson's disease on the body?
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loss of dopaminigerci neurons in the substantia nigra, and loss of fx output from SN to globus pallidus
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what is the biggest challenge in treating parkinsons?
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creating balance between cholinergic muscarinic activity and dopamine
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what antimuscarinic adjuvants are used to treat parkinsons?
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Cogentin, Artane, benedryl injection
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why is Sinemet used?
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it is a combo drug made from levodopa and carbidopa to tx parkinsons
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MC form of (or preferred form) of antiemetics? why?
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inj and suppository - cuz if you are vomitting, you cant hold down the drug to help you stop that horrible hell
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what is the drug of choice used to act as an antidote for organophsophate (insecticide) or mushroom poisoning?
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ATROPINE
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what is compazine?
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an antiemetic used to treat motion sickness symptoms of N/V
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list 4 uses for Atropine
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antidote for organophospate poisoning
2. atropine sulfate for fundoscopoic exams (dilation) 3. along w/ diphenoxylate to tx mild GI hypermobility 4.preoperatively |
