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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Epinephrine
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B2 Agonist or Adrenergic Agonist (non-selective, for asthma/anaphylaxis)
• bronchodilation w/ decreased secretions • vasodilation of arterioles of heart/lung/skeletal muscles • glycogenolysis • side effects: ↑HR, ↑BP, eyes dialate, peripheral cool skin |
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Bethanechol
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Muscarinic agonist (non-selective)
main target to empty urinary tract. side effects: ↓HR, ↑GI, avoid for obstructive disorders |
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Atropine
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Muscarinic antagonist (non-selective)
quiets cholinergic system, and brings on F/F |
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Dopamine
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Adrenergic agonist (non-selective)
low dose: dilate renal blood vessels med dose: stimulate B1, ↑cardiac output for shock/HF high dose: stimulate A1, ↑BP |
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Metoprolol
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Adrenergic antagonist (selective to B1)
for: HTN, tachycardia, ischemic heart disease, HF beta-blocker! |
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Neostigmine
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Cholinesterase inhibitor
for Myasthenia Gravis - voluntary muscle weakness, an autoimmune disease neostigmine blocks cholinesterase, so ACh is not broken down and floods the synapse to activate any remaining receptors that MG hasn't destroyed. |
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Epinephrine is a neurotransmitter for what receptors?
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A1, A2, B1, B2
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NE (norepinephrine) is a neurotransmitter for what receptors?
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A1, A2, B1
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Dopamine is a neurotransmitter for what receptors?
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A1, B1, DA
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B1 receptor's target organs are...
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Heart and kidneys
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B2 receptor's target organs are...
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Lungs (bronchi) and Liver, ...and arterioles of heart/lung/skeletal muscles
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A1 receptor's target organs are...
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Peripheral blood vessels (arteries/veins), eyes, prostate and bladder
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Dopamine receptor's target organs are...
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Arterioles of kidneys (signal renin release, and dilation of kidney vasculature)
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Parasympathetic nervous system
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function: rest/digestion/secretions
nt: ACh receptor: muscarinic organs: eye, heart, lung, bladder, GI, sweat glands, sex organs |
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Sympathetic nervous system
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function: fight or flight
nt: EPI, NE, DA receptors: A1, A2, B1, B2, DA organs: eyes, arteries/veins, prostate, bladder, heart, kidney, arterioles of heart, lung and skeletal muscles, bronchi, liver |
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Thalidomide
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A sedative, 1950's, Germany, sold over the counter in Europe.
1961, discovered it was causing horrible birth defects. Flipper-like limbs, deafness, blindness, brain damage... It deformed more than 12,000 babies and killed untold others in utero. |
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" –olol "
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B1 / Beta Blocker
ie: Metoprolol |
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" –terol "
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B2 Agonist
ie: Albuterol, |
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" – stigmine "
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Cholinesterase inhibitors
(acetylcholinesterase inhibitors) |
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Albuterol
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B2 Agonist (selective to Lungs) for asthma
(not on objectives for exam though!) |
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Miosis
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small, constricted pupils
(via muscarinic system / cholinergic system / parasympathetic system) |
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Mydriasis
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large, dilated pupils
(via adrenergic system / flight or flight / sympathetic system) |
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Maximal efficacy
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largest effect a drug can achieve
(most important, vs. potency) |
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Relative potency
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amt. of drug needed to achieve clinical effect
(less important than efficacy) |
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Tyramine foods
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(aged cheeses, yeast extracts, chianti wine)
MAO (monamine oxidase inhibitors) which increases effectiveness of Norepiniphrine! |
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MAO
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Monamine oxidase
an enzyme that breaks down NE (norepinephrine) |
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Theophylline
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this with coffee... is excessive excitation. Too much!
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A muscarinic antagonist will....
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induce mydriasis (eye exam)
increase HR (for bradycardia patients) slow GI (for diarrhea/dysentary patients) dry pulmonary & GI secretions (for surgery or EOL) |
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side effects of:
induce mydriasis (eye exam) increase HR (for bradycardia patients) slow GI (for diarrhea/dysentary patients) dry pulmonary & GI secretions (for surgery or EOL) |
blurred vision, photophobia in bright lights (eyes hurt).
tachycardia may worsen symptoms of angina if present. constipation. dry mouth and anhidrosis (no sweat > can't cool body > hyperthermia) |
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Photophobia
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eyes hurt in bright lights (from mydriasis - eye exam, from atropine)
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Anhidrosis
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not sweating.
from atropine, drying pulmonary, GI, and sweat glands) |
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Ptosis
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eyelids droop.
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Myasthasia gravis
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voluntary muscle weakness.
Nm muscle receptors are destroyed via autoimmune disease :( |
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What do you treat for Myasthasia gravis?
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a cholinesterase inhibitor.
such as Neostigmine or Pyridostigmine. |
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Undertreated Myasthenia gravis
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muscle weakness (typical for MG)
ptosis difficulty chewing / swallowing high risk of aspirating lungs can't hold head up -potentially fatal |
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Overtreated Myasthenia gravis
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skeletal muscle weakness (parasympathetic excess)
HR slows Lungs constrict, fill with secretions GI tract salivates like crazy -potentially fatal |
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What drug do you give for HTN?
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Metoprolol
1. reduced HR 2. reduced force of heart contraction 3. reduced conduction speed 4. non-cardiac: reduced renin |
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eschemic heart disease
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the cornonary arteries that perfuse heart are low in O2
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