Pharmacology Exam 3

Front 1

What are the 3 factors that influence blood pressure?

Back 1

1. Cardiac Output

2. Peripheral Resistance

3. Blood Volume

Front 2

What is the function of the renal system?

Back 2

Regulates fluid balance

Secretes Renin

Secretes Erythropoietin

Produces Calcitriol

Front 3

What renal diseases affect blood pressure?

Back 3

Renal Failure

Chronic Kidney Disease

Renal artery stenosis

Front 4

What is the Lipid panel norms?

Back 4

LDL: 100 mg/dl

HDL: 40 mg/dl

Front 5

What labs are used to monitor the use of Heparin?

Back 5

aPTT

Front 6

What labs are used to monitor the use of Warfarin?

Back 6

PT/INR

Front 7

What is the antidote for warfarin toxicity?

Back 7

Vitamin K

Front 8

What is the antidote for heparin toxicity?

Back 8

Protamine sulfate

Front 9

What meds are used for Hypertension?

Back 9

ARB's (-sartan)

ACEI's (-pril)

Beta-Blockers (-olol)

Calcium Channel Blockers (-dipine)

Front 10

What is the action of ARB's?

Back 10

Blocks receptor for Angiotensin II

Front 11

What is the action of ACEI's?

Back 11

blocks Angiotensin II=vasodilation=lowered BP by decreasing peripheral vascular resistance

Front 12

What is the action of Beta-Blockers?

Back 12

Blocks beta-adrenergic receptors

Front 13

When is a Beta-Blocker contraindicated?

Back 13

hypotension and bradycardia

Front 14

What is the action of calcium channel blockers?

Back 14

blocks calcium channels and inhibits calcium from entering the cell, limits muscular contraction in blood vessels

Front 15

What is contraindicated with Caclium Channel Blockers?

Back 15

Grapefruit juice

Front 16

What are the types of diuretics?

Back 16

Loop (-ide)

K+ Sparing (-one)

Thiazides (-thiazide)

Front 17

What is the action of Loop diuretics?

Back 17

blocks Na+ reabsorption in the loop of henle (leaves more NA+ in urine)

Front 18

What is the action of K+ sparing diuretics?

Back 18

Blocks reabsorption of NA+ in the distal convoluted tubules.

**Conserves K+**

Front 19

What is the contraindication of K+ Sparing diuretics?

Back 19

Not given as monotherapy

Front 20

What is the action of thiazide diuretics?

Back 20

Blocks NA+ reabsorption in the distal tubule. (leaves more NA+ in urine)

Front 21

What are the types of dyslipidemic agents?

Back 21

HMC-COA Reductase inhibitors (-statin)

Bile Acid Resins (-amine)

Other drugs (Niacin)

Front 22

What is the action of HMG-COA Reductase Inhibitors?

Back 22

inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis

Front 23

What is contraindicated with HMG-COA Reductase Inhibitor use?

Back 23

Grapefruit juice, ETOH, Digoxin, & Niacin

Front 24

What is the action of Bile Acid Resins?

Back 24

Binds bile acids with in the gut, so they cannot be reabsorbed. Increases excretion of cholesterol with feces

Front 25

What is the action of furosemide?

Back 25

*Loop Diuretic*

Inhibits reabsorption of NA+ and CL from the loop of henle

Front 26

What are the side effects of furosemide?

Back 26

Dehydration

Electrolyte imbalances

Hypokalemia

Front 27

What patient teaching is needed for furosemide?

Back 27

change positions slowly, Increase K+, use sunscreen, report unusual bleeding/brusing, sore throat, SOB

Front 28

What are the nursing considerations of Furosemide?

Back 28

Monitor for S/S of dehydration and hypokalemia

Front 29

What is the action of Enalapril?

Back 29

*ACEI*
Blocks conversion of angiotensin 1-2, inhibits renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, decreases amount of aldosterone.

Front 30

What are the side effects of enalapril?

Front 31

What patient teaching is needed for enalapril?

Back 31

Take as directed, report chest pain, palpitations, swelling of hands/face/tongue. May cause drowsiness

Front 32

What are the nursing considerations for Enalapril?

Back 32

Monitor BP & Cough

Front 33

What is the action of digoxin?

Back 33

*digitalis glycoside*
Slows & strengthens force of contraction by prolonging the refractory period of AV node, & decreases conduction through SA to AV node.

Front 34

What patient teaching is needed for digoxin?

Back 34

Take as directed, report N/V/A. Wear a medical alert bracelet.

Front 35

What is the action of Niacin?

Back 35

Lowers VDL, and Increases HDL

Front 36

What are the side effects of Niacin?

Back 36

Flushing, hot flashes, pruritus, & GI symptoms

Front 37

What is the action of Atenolol?

Back 37

*Beta-Blocker*
blocks stimulation of Beta1 Receptors

Front 38

What are the side effects of Atenolol?

Back 38

Fatigue, weakness, anxiety, dizziness, insomnia, memory loss, blurred vision, hypotension, N/V

Front 39

What patient teaching is needed for atenolol?

Back 39

Notify HCP if bradycardia or dyspnea occur?

Front 40

What are the nursing considerations of Atenolol?

Back 40

Monitor BP * HR

Monitor drowsiness & Fatigue

Front 41

What is the action of Atorvastatin?

Back 41

*HMG-COA Inhibitor*

inhibits HMG-COA reductase enzyme

Front 42

What patient teaching is needed for Atorvastatin?

Back 42

take as directed, avoid Grapefruit juice, avoid pregnancy, Notify HCP if unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, weakness

Front 43

What are the nursing considerations of Atorvastatin?

Back 43

Takes 2 weeks for effects

Admin with food, avoid ETOH, Pregnancy Category X, contraindicated with Digoxin & Niacin

Front 44

What is the action of heparin & enoxaprin?

Back 44

*antithrombotic*
Potentiates the inhibitory effects of antithrombin on factor Xa & thrombin

Front 45

What is the side effects of heparin & enoxaparin?

Back 45

dizziness, headache, edema, constipation, N/V, bleeding/bruising

Front 46

What patient teaching is needed for heparin & enoxaparin?

Back 46

Report bruising/bleeding, no other antiplatelet therapy. Wear medical alert bracelet

Front 47

What are the nursing considerations of Heparin & Enoxaprin?

Back 47

Monitor for edema, constipation bruising/bleeding

Front 48

What is the action of nitroglycerine?

Back 48

*anti-angina*
increases coronary flow by dilating coronary arteries & increasing flow to ischemic regions.

Vasodilation=decreased pre-load

Front 49

What are the side effects of Nitroglycerine?

Back 49

Hypotension, dizziness, HA, weakness, Tachycardia, syncopy

Front 50

What patient teaching is needed for Nitroglycerin?

Back 50

Take as directed, avoid ETOH, store away from body heat, If symptoms persist- call 911

Front 51

What is the action of warfarin?

Back 51

Interferes with hepatic synthesis of Vitamin K dependent clotting factors

Front 52

What patient teaching is needed for warfarin?

Back 52

Take as directed, decrease vitamin k intake, report bleeding/bruising, no ETOH, No other antiplatelet therapy

Front 53

What are the nursing considerations of warfarin?

Back 53

monitor for n/v, bleeding/brusing

Front 54

What is the action of amlodipine?

Back 54

*Ca+ Channel Blocker*

Inhibits transport of Ca+ into myocardial & vascular smooth muscle

Front 55

What are the side effects of Amlodipine?

Back 55

Hypotension & Tachycardia, peripheral edema, headache, & flushing

Front 56

What patient teaching is needed for amlopdipine?

Back 56

Report unrelieved chest pain and SOB immediately

Front 57

What are the nursing considerations of Amlodipine?

Back 57

Monitor BP & HR

Monitor for peripheral edema, HA, & flushing

Front 58

What is the action of spironolactone?

Back 58

*K+ Sparing Diuretic_

Blocks reabsorption of NA+ in the distal convoluted tubules, conserves K_

Front 59

What patient teaching is needed for Spironolactone?

Back 59

Avoid Na+ & High K+ foods, may cause dizziness, Notify HCP weakness, Fatigue, etc.

Front 60

What are the nursing considerations of Spironolactone?

Back 60

Monitor for Hyperkalemia, assess for edema, avoid salt substitutes that contain K+, avoid foods high in K+