Pharmacology Exam #3

Front 1

Acne

Back 1

An inflammatory disorder that affects the sebaceous glands

Front 2

Keratinization

Back 2

Hardening of the epithelial tissue

Front 3

Open comedos

Back 3

Blackheads

Front 4

Closed comedos

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Whiteheads

Front 5

Nodules

Back 5

Involve deep inflammation with pus

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Impetigo

Back 6

Bacterial infection; most commonly in children

Front 7

Treatment for impetigo?

Back 7

topical antibiotics, topical corticosteroids, and systemic antibiotics

Front 8

Nits?

Back 8

lice eggs

Front 9

What is scabies?

Back 9

a parasitic infection caused by human itch mites

Front 10

What does HPV cause?

Back 10

Venereal warts and most of the cervical cancer in women; viral infection

Front 11

What is HSV-1?

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Cold sores, fever blisters

Front 12

What is HSV-2?

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sexually transmitted virus

Front 13

First-degree burn? Example?

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Sunburn; Skin becomes red with a few darkening cells; affects only the epidermis (top layer)

Front 14

Second-degree burn?

Back 14

Blisters forms; burn turns yellow; affects epidermis and dermis

Front 15

Third-degree burn?

Back 15

Most severe; affects all 3 layers; can affect muscle and bone

Front 16

Eczema?

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atopic dermatitis; allergic disorder associated diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis; dry patches of itchy skin

Front 17

Psoriasis?

Back 17

chronic inflammatory skin disease; life cycle of cells is shortened; skin cells mature in 3 to 4 days; can be treated with UV light

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Nevus?

Back 18

mole

Front 19

Metastasize?

Back 19

spreads from a location to another

Front 20

Rosacea includes skin irritations called____?

Back 20

papules

Front 21

Thrush is caused by ____?

Back 21

Candida albicans

Front 22

Thrush is treated with what medication?

Back 22

Nystatin

Front 23

Dystonia?

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abnormal tension none area of the body

Front 24

Antispasmodics?

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relaxes muscles and relieve muscle spasms

Front 25

How many bones compose the human body structure?

Back 25

206 bones

Front 26

Calcitonin?

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deposits calcium into the bones

Front 27

Hypocalcemia?

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low blood calcium

Front 28

What gland produces calcitonin?

Back 28

thyroid gland

Front 29

Osteomalacia?

Back 29

lack of calcium in the body

Front 30

Osteoporosis?

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lack of calcium; little holes in the bone; making them easily broken

Front 31

Bisphosphonate?

Back 31

similar medication without the side effects

Front 32

Pagets disease?

Back 32

too much calcium; creates new bone but the new bone is weak and fragile

Front 33

Osteoarthritis?

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erosion of bone occurs where the bones meet at the joint; middle-aged or older persons

Front 34

Rheumatoid arthritis?

Back 34

autoimmune condition; joints are affected by inflammation cause by a negative reaction; 30 to 50 women or children

Front 35

Gout?

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form of arthritis; sever attack of pain, redness, and joint tenderness; Men, women reach menopause

Front 36

NSAIDs?

Back 36

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; reduce inflammation; Absorbing, Bengay, Icy Hot, and capsaicin

Front 37

DMARDs?

Back 37

Disease-moidying anti rheumatic drugs; patients with rheumatoid arthritis; Gold

Front 38

Phantom limb pain?

Back 38

pain in a limb that is no longer there

Front 39

Which is a buildup of uric acid in the joints?

Back 39

Gout

Front 40

Which disorder is characterized by chronic pain in muscles and soft tissue surrounding joints?

Back 40

Fibromyalgia

Front 41

Central nervous sytem (CNS)?

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The brain and spinal cord

Front 42

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

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nerves that connect to the spinal cord; includes the autonomic nervous system

Front 43

Psychotropic?

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any medication that affects the mind, emotions, or behaviors

Front 44

Where do most psychotropic drugs act?

Back 44

the synapse

Front 45

Somatic?

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voluntary system

Front 46

Autonomic?

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involuntary

Front 47

Sympathetic nervous system?

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"fight or flight" response

Front 48

Parasympathetic?

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helps the body to rest and relax

Front 49

Cholinergic?

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relaxes the body

Front 50

Adrenergic?

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excites the body

Front 51

Analgesics?

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reduce pain without eliminating feeling or sensation

Front 52

Salicylates?

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relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation and fever

Front 53

Acetaminophen?

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decreases pain and fever but it has no anti-inflammatory effect

Front 54

Narcotics?

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strong painkillers that suppress the CNS

Front 55

Anxiolytic medications?

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reduce anxiety

Front 56

Insomnia?

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trouble sleeping

Front 57

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)?

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inhibits abnormal electrical activity in the brain and an increased presence of this amino acid decreases seizure activity

Front 58

ADD?

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attention deficit disorder

Front 59

ADHD?

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attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Front 60

Mood stabilizers?

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stabilize the extreme mood shifts sen in patients with bipolar disorder

Front 61

Neuroleptics?

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treat the abnormal actions and behavior of psychoses such as talking and interacting with a situation that only patients can see and hear

Front 62

Dementia?

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a progressive, irreversible decline in mental function; Alzheimer's disease

Front 63

Parkinson's disease?

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a degenerative disorder of the CNS; neurons that produce the neurotransmitter dopamine die, muscle movements become disorganized

Front 64

Drug holiday?

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patient stops taking anti-parkinsonian medications for a week or so and then restarts them at a lower dose, to produce the desired effects

Front 65

Local anesthesia?

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Applied to a body surface to numb an area before a procedure; Lidocaine; Novocaine

Front 66

General anesthesia?

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Administered IV infusion or inhalation

Front 67

Alcohol?

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CNS depressant; rarely prescribed; powerful effects on the body

Front 68

Sclera?

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Protects the outer eye

Front 69

Aqueous humor?

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fluid

Front 70

Viscous?

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thick

Front 71

Tonometer?

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measure pressure in the eye

Front 72

Cornea?

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transparent protection

Front 73

Prostaglandin?

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change eye color

Front 74

Glaucoma?

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leading cause of blindness

Front 75

Primary open-angel glaucoma?

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most common form; schlemm canal becomes obstructed; gradual increase in pressure

Front 76

Intraocular pressure (IOP)?

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pressure in the eye

Front 77

Local ophthalmic anesthetic agents?

Back 77

used for foreign objects; black reflux is stopped

Front 78

Immunomodulators?

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treat a certain type of chronic dry eye by increasing tear production

Front 79

Outer ear?

Back 79

the pinna; funnels the sounds

Front 80

The middle ear?

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eardrum (tympanic membrane); auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)

Front 81

The inner ear?

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Oval window, round window, cochlea, semicircular canals; controls the equilibrium of the body and sends sound impulses towards the brain

Front 82

Common ear medications?

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for ear infections

Front 83

Swimmer's ear?

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otitis external; infection of the outer ear

Front 84

Otitis media?

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middle ear infection

Front 85

What decreases the build-up of cerumen?

Back 85

Mineral oil, cerumen softeners, hydrogen peroxide

Front 86

Motion sickness?

Back 86

Dramamine or Bonine; 20 to 60 minutes before travel

Front 87

Ototoxicity?

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damage to the ears

Front 88

Tinnitus?

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ringing in the ears

Front 89

Which of the following are used to treat edema in the eye?

Back 89

mydriatics

Front 90

Which drug is used to treat glaucoma?

Back 90

Miotics

Front 91

What class of drugs is used to treat pinkeye?

Back 91

antibiotics

Front 92

Scopolamine is given via which route?

Back 92

transdermal

Front 93

A stye is caused by

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bacteria

Front 94

Signs of ototoxicity?

Back 94

tinnitus, sever headache, ataxia

Front 95

The pituitary gland?

Back 95

the mothership; secretes most of the body's hormones; secrets FSH and LH

Front 96

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Back 96

helps prevent loss of water by the kidneys

Front 97

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

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triggers gland function

Front 98

The gonads?

Back 98

consist of the ovaries and the tests;

ovaries:estrogen and progesterone

testes: testosterone

Front 99

Calcitonin?

Back 99

forces calcium ions into bone

Front 100

Parathyroid glands?

Back 100

4 glands in the thyroid gland helps regulate calcium balance

Front 101

Thyroid gland?

Back 101

surrounding the esophagus; regulates metabolism, temperature, and body weight

Front 102

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

Back 102

pituitary gland stimulates the release of cortisol and glucocorticoids to control the fight or flight response

Front 103

Melatonin?

Back 103

helps us sleep

Front 104

Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4)?

Back 104

stimulate every tissue in the body to produce proteins and increase the amount of oxygen used by cels

Front 105

Myxedema?

Back 105

prolonged hypothyroidism can lead to a skin and tissue disorder

Front 106

Cretinism?

Back 106

a decrease of thyroid hormone secretion in utero and early infancy

Front 107

Graves' disease?

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hypothyroidism results from an excess of thyroid hormone

Front 108

Goiter?

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enlarged thyroid

Front 109

life-threatening condition and includes such symptoms as tachycardia, hyperthermia, chest, pain, sweating, weakness, heart failure, anxiety, shortness of breath, and disorientation, can occur if hyperthyroidism is untreated

Back 109

Thyroid storm

Front 110

Hyperglycemia?

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results from an excess of glucose in the blood

Front 111

Hypoglycemia?

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by too little glucose in the blood and can lead to death

Front 112

Diabetes mellitus?

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a disease characterized by hyperglycemia, or excessive blood glucose

Front 113

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)?

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destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas causes a decrease or lack of insulin secretion

Front 114

Insulin types?

Back 114

short-acting, intermediate-acting, long-acting

Front 115

Handling insulin?

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Insulin should be refrigerated until vial is opened; 1-2 years

Front 116

Injecting insulin?

Back 116

SQ; must be on a rotating schedule to avoid scar tissue

Front 117

Addison's disease?

Back 117

when the adrenal cortex under secretes glucocorticoid hormones

Front 118

Cushing's disease

Back 118

adrenal cortex over secretes the glucocorticoids mentioned either. patients have similar symptoms to Addison's disease except for the hypertension and hyperglycemia

Front 119

Anabolic steroids?

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mainly composed of male hormones called androgens, which change the natural balance between tissue breakdown and building

Front 120

Anabolic steroid side effects?

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aggressive behavior, rage, atherosclerosis, sterility, and liver cancer

Front 121

What schedule are anabolic steroids in?

Back 121

Schedule lll