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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 classifications of opiod receptors?
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- Mu receptors
- Kappa receptors - Delta receptors |
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How do opiods cause miosis?
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Stimulate parasympathetic nerve of pupil. Abolish control of pupillary reflex
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How do opiods cause N/V?
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Stimulation of CTZ
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What are causes of muscle rigidity in opiod administration?
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cause unknown
Increased by : Dose, speed of admin, NO2, increased age, absence of muscle relaxant. |
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What are 4 treatments of increased biliary pressure?
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1) Atropine or glycopyrrolate
2) nitroglycerin 3) glucagon 4) naloxone |
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How do opiods cause increase in biliary pressure?
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Constriction of spincter of Odi
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What drug stops shivering and how?
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Demerol lowers shivering threshold by its effects on the K-receptors
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What receptor seems to be the cause of opiod-induced pruritus?
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Mu receptors
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What are the 3 A's of Non-narcotic analgesic effects?
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Antipyretic
Analgesic Anti-inflammatory (except tylenol) |
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What are the types of agonists of the opioid receptors ?
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Endorphins
Dynorphins Enkephalins Nociceptin |
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What are the 3 antagonists of the opioid receptors?
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Naloxone
Naltrexone Nalmefene |
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What is the primary mechanism of action of NSAIDS?
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Inhibition of COX1 and COX2
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What 2 drugs are presynaptic alpha 2 agonists?
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Clonidine
Dexmetatomidine |
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What do pre-synaptic alpha 2 receptors do?
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sympatholytic effects
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What do post - synaptic alpha 2 receptors do?
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sympathomimetic effects
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Where are opiods metabolized?
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All except remifentanyl .
Liver By cytochrome enzymes |
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Where is remifentanyl metabolized?
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plasma by hydralysis
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What is the metabolite made by Demerol?
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normaperidine
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What are the histamine producing opiods?
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Phenanthrene drugs (morphine, codeine and Thebaine(paramorphine
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How do you treat chest rigidity?
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Succ
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What do steriods block to prevent inflammation?
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arachidonic acid
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Which enzyme is a reactionary enzyme in response to trauma?
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COX-2
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What are contraindications to NSAIDs?
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● Allergies
● Ophthalmological surgeries ● Possibly orthopedic surgeries ● Aspirin induced Asthma(all NSAIDs can cause bronchospasm) |
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What type of patients should toradol be used with caution in ?
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Renal impaired
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What is IV tylenol?
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Ofirmev. Pro-drug of tylenol.
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Which NSAID should not be given to children?
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aspirin
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Which drug is a selective cox-2 inhibitor?
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Celebrex
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What is the most potent non-OR opiod?
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hydromorphone
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What drug is used for nociceptive pain?
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methadone
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What drug should be avoided in MAOI patients?
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Meperidine
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What are the effects of MU1 receptors?
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Increased:
Urinary retention Analgesia (supraspinal, spinal) Euphoria Miosis Pruritis Rigidity Biliary spasm Decreased: HR Temp Abuse potential |
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What are the effects of Kappa receptors
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Analgesia(supraspinal, spinal)
dysphoria Sedation Low abuse potential Miosis |
