Pharmacology Exam 2 Drug List Ii

Front 1

Mannitol

Back 1

osmotic diuretic
Prox tubule and descending loop of Henle.
Decreases intracranial or intraocular pressure. Acute renal failure.
SE - GI upset, dehydration

Front 2

Acetazolamide

Back 2

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
Proximal convoluted tubule
Alkalinizes urine, more HCO3 and Na are lost in urine. Can also treat altitude sickness and glaucoma

SE - hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
hypokalemia

Front 3

Hydrochlorothiazide

Back 3

inhibits Na/Cl cotransporter in distal convoluted tubule.
Treats HTN, HF, diabetes insipidis, and Ca stones

Front 4

Furosemide, torsemide, ethacrynic acid

Back 4

loop diuretic
Sulfonamide that inhibits na/k/2cl transporter system in the thick ascending portion of the loop of henle.
Treats HF w pulmonary edema, liver failure, and renal failure.
SE - Hypokalemia, ototoxicity

Ethacrynic acid is a loop diuretic that is ok for people with sulfa allergies

Front 5

Spironolactone

Back 5

K sparing diuretic. Competitive aldosterone receptor antagonist. Increases renal loss of salt and water.

SE - hyperkalemia, gynecomastia

Front 6

triamterene, amiloride

Back 6

K sparing diuretic- block Na channel in distal cortical collecting tubule. Used instead of spironolactone in ppl w/o aldosterone (Addison disease)

Front 7

Desmopressin

Back 7

synthetic vasopressin
decreases urine output. Good for bedwetting and diabetes insipidus.
SE - headaches, hyponatremia

Front 8

verapamil

Back 8

Ca Channel blocker
blocks voltage gated Ca channels. Decreases muscle contraction - peripheral vasodilation and decreased myocardial contratility.
Treats HTN, supraventricular tachycardias.

Front 9

Diltiazem

Back 9

Ca channel blocker, decreases peripheral resistance and cardiac contractility. Treats HTN and supraventricular tachycardia.

Front 10

Nifedipine

Back 10

Ca Channel blocker - decreases peripheral resistance and cardiac contractility. treats HTN

Front 11

Amlodipine

Back 11

Ca Channel blocker
Decreases peripheral resistance and cardiac contractility. Treats hypertension.

Front 12

Captopril (anything that ends in pril)

Back 12

ACE inhibitor - decreases conversio of ATI to ATII, and decreases bradykinin breakdown.
Treat HTN and CHF, DECREASE MORTALITY
SE - cough

Front 13

Digoxin

Back 13

Cardiac glycoside
Inhibits NA/K ATPase pump on cardiac myocyte. Indirectly increases intracellular Ca.
Treats CHF by increasing contractility. Slows HR. Prolongs PR, decreases QT.

Front 14

amrinone, milrinone

Back 14

PDE inhibitors Increases cAMP, increases Ca, increases contractility of cardiac myocytes.
Treats acute HF
SE - nausea

Front 15

quinidine, procainamide

Back 15

Class Ia antiarrhythmics
Na channel blockers. Bind activated sodium channels to prolong phase 0. Phase 3 delayed
Treats a-fib, and v-tach
Side effects: Q - vertigo,headache, tinnitis, psychosis
P- drug induced lupus

Front 16

Lidocaine, phenytoin

Back 16

class 1B antiarrhythmics
use dependent

Front 17

bretyllium

Back 17

Class 3
Potassium channel blockers. Phase 3 repolarization is prolonged. Prolonged QT. May cause torsades de pointes.
Used for atrial arrythmias

Front 18

Amiodarone

Back 18

Class 3 but has effects everywhere - NA, K, Ca channels and alpha and beta receptors. Treats atrial and ventricular tachycardias.

Front 19

nitroglycerine, isosorbide dinitrate

Back 19

converted to NO intracellularly Increasing cGMP, which leads to smooth muscle relaxation. Preferentially works on veins to reduce preload

Front 20

Minoxidil

Back 20

aka rogaine
directly dilates arterial smooth muscle to decrease BP

Front 21

Hydralazine

Back 21

directly relaxes arteriolar smooth muscle, decreasing blood pressure.

Front 22

Losartan

Back 22

ARB

Front 23

heparin

Back 23

accelerates the action of antithrombin III
Used to treat and prevent DVTs, PEs and MI

Front 24

warfarin

Back 24

Inhibits gamma carboxylation of factors II, VII, IX, and and proteins C and S. Chronic anicoagulation in people at risk for thromboembolisms.

Front 25

Aspirin

Back 25

INhibits COX1 and COX2. AT low doses, reduces thromboxane and PGE2 - reducing platelet aggregation.

Front 26

Clopidogrel and Ticlopidine

Back 26

Plavix. Inhibits platelet aggregation by inhibiting the ADP pathway. Treat acute coronary syndrome

Front 27

Abciximab, eptifibatide, tirofiban

Back 27

Binds GP IIb/IIIa so fibrinogen and vWF cant bind Platelet aggregation is impeded.

Front 28

Streptokinase, urokinase, t-PA

Back 28

Promotes plaminogen conversion to plasmin to break up thrombi