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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the antiprostaglandin drugs and why are they called that?
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Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid [ASA] - the prototype NSAID)
Other NSAIDs acetaminophen (Tylenol) Because they inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins |
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What are prostaglandins?
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chemical mediators found in most body tissues
they help regulate many cell functions and participate in the inflammatory response |
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When and how are prostaglandins formed?
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They are formed when cellular injury occurs and phospholipids in cell membranes release arachidonic acid.
Arachidonic acid is then metabolized by cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes to produce prostaglandins. |
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What do prostaglandins do once they are formed?
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Prostaglandins act briefly in the area where they are produce and then are inactivated.
Prostaglandins exert various and opposing effects in different body tissues. Prostaglandins have a role in mediating pain, fever, and inflammation. |
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What role do prostaglandins have in the mediation of pain?
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Prostaglandins sensitize pain receptors and increase the pain associated with other chemical mediators of inflammation and immunity, such as bradykinin, histamine, and leukotrienes.
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What is fever?
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an elevation of body temperature above the normal range
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How is body temperature controlled?
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by a regulating center in the hypothalamus
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Fever occurs when the set point of the hypothalamus is raised in response to.....
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the presence of pyrogens
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what are pyrogens?
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fever-producing agents
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Name some endogenous pyrogens
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cytokines such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor
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what do cytokines do?
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cytokines may act on the cells that produce them, on surrounding cells, or on distant cells
they act locally and systemically to produce inflammatory and immune responses |
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what the two major types of cytokines?
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interleukins and interferons
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what is bradykinin?
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a kinin in body fluids that becomes physiologically active with tissue injury
they increase and prolong vasodilation after damage, increase vascular permeability, and stimulate nerve endings for pain bradykinin may aggravate and prolong the erythema, heat, and pain of local inflammatory reactions |
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whar are exogneous pyrogens?
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bacteria and their toxins or other by-products
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Which prostaglandin mediates the upward adjustment of the hypothalamic set point in response to the presence of a pyrogen?
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prostaglandin E2
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how does the body repsond to the higher hypothalamic set point?
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by vasoconstriction of blood vessels and shivering, raising the core body temperature to the higher set point
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Fever may accompany conditions such as...
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dehydration, inflammation, infectious processes, some drugs, brain injury, or diseases involving the hypothalamus
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What is inflammation?
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Inflammation is the normal body response to tissue damage from any source, and it may occur in any tissue or organ.
It is an attempt by the body to remove the damaging agent and repair the damaged tissue. |
