Pharmacology Exam 1

Front 1

What is the generic name of a drug?

Back 1

is related to the chemical make-up of the drug and is independent of the manufacturer

Front 2

What is a drug name brand/trade name?

Back 2

name patented and given to a drug by a manufacturer

Front 3

How are drugs classified?

Back 3

drugs are classified according to their effects on particular body systems, their therapeutic uses, and their chemical characteristics

Front 4

What is a drug therapeutic classification?

Back 4

usually reflects the conditions for which the drugs are used (e.g., antidepressants, antihypertensives) Note that the names of many drug groups reflect their chemical characteristics rather than their therapeutic uses (e.g., andrenergics, benzodiazepines)

Front 5

What are scheduled medications?

Back 5

Meds are classified in 5 schedule groups based on their potential abuse and addiction.

Front 6

What is a Schedule I drug?

Back 6

drugs that are not approved for medical use and have high abuse potentials: flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) gamma hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), heroin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), marijuana, 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy), mescaline, peyote, tetrahydrocannabinol.

Front 7

What is a Schedule II drug?

Back 7

Drugs that are used medically and have high abuse potentials: opioid analgesics (e.g., codeine, hydromorphone, methadone, meperidine, morphine, oxycodone, oxymorphone), central nervous system (CNS) stimulants (e.g., cocaine, methamphetamine, methylphenidate) and barbiturate sedative-hypnotics (amobarbital, pentobarbital, secobarbital).

Front 8

What is a Schedule III drug?

Back 8

drugs with less potential for abuse than those in Schedule I and II, but abuse may lead to psychological or physical dependence: androgens and anabolic steroids, ketamine, some CNS stimulants (e.g., benzphetamine), and mixtures containing small amounts of controlled substances (e.g., codeine, barbiturates not listed in other schedules).

Front 9

What is a Schedule IV drug?

Back 9

Drugs with some potential for abuse: benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam, lorazepam, temazepam) other sedatives-hypnotics (e.g., Phenobarbital, chloral hydrate), and some prescription appetite suppressants (e.g., mazindol, phentermine).

Front 10

What is a Schedule V drug?

Back 10

Products containing moderate amounts of controlled substances. They may be dispensed by the pharmacist without a physician’s prescription but with some restrictions regarding amount, record keeping, and other safeguards. Included are antidiarrheal drugs, such as diphenoxylate and atropine (Lomotil).

Front 11

Define medications.

Back 11

drugs given for therapeutic purposes

Front 12

Define pharmacology.

Back 12

the study of drugs (chemicals) that alter functions of living organisms

Front 13

Define drug therapy.

Back 13

also known as pharmacotherapy is the use of drugs to prevent, diagnose, or treat signs, symptoms, and disease processes.

Front 14

What is a prototype?

Back 14

often the first drug of a particular group to be developed, are usually the standard with which newer, similar drugs are compared. (e.g., morphine is the prototype of opioid analgesics)

Front 15

What is pharmacokinetics?

Back 15

involves drug movement through the body to reach sites of action, metabolism, and excretion. Process includes absorption, distribution, metabolism (biotransformation), and excretion.

Front 16

Name the four aspects of pharmacokinetics.

Back 16

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion

Front 17

Describe absorption.

Back 17

process that occurs from the time a drug enters the body to the time a drug enters the body to the time it enters the bloodstream to be circulated. Factors that affect absorption are the rate and extent of drug absorption, including dosage form, route of admin blood flow to site of admin, GI function, presence of food or other drugs, and other variables. Dosage form is a major determinant of a drug’s bioavailability (the portion of a dose that reaches the systemic circulation and is available to act on body cells)

Front 18

Describe distribution.

Back 18

involves the transport of drug molecules within the body. Distribution depends largely on the adequacy of blood circulation. Distribution occurs rapidly to organs receiving a large blood supply, such as the heart, liver, and kidneys. This happens slower to other internal organs, muscle, fat and skin. Protein binding is an important factor in drug distribution, most drugs form a compound with plasma proteins, mainly albumin, which act as carriers.

Front 19

Describe metabolism.

Back 19

the method by which drugs are inactivated or biotransformed by the body. Most often active drugs are changed into inactive metabolites, which are then excreted, other drugs, called prodrugs, are initially inactive and exert no pharmacologic effects until they are metabolized.

Front 20

Describe excretion.

Back 20

refers to elimination of a drug from the body. Effective excretion requires adequate functioning of the circulatory system and of the organs of excretion (kidneys, bowel, lungs, and skin)

Front 21

What is an allergic reaction?

Back 21

aka hypersensitivity It occurs in those who have previously been exposed to the drug or a similar substance (antigen) and who have developed antibodies. When readministered, the drug reacts with the antibodies to cause cell damage and the release of histamine and other substances. These substances produce reactions ranging from mild skin rashes to anaphylactic shock.

Front 22

What is an adverse reaction?

Back 22

Undesired responses to drug administration, as opposed to therapeutic effects, with are desired responses. Some adverse effects occur with usual therapeutic doses (often called side effects); most are more likely to occur and to be more severe with high doses.

Front 23

What is the difference between an allergic reaction and an adverse reaction?

Back 23

An allergic reaction is a biological response to a drug that the body has antibodies against. Adverse reactions are side effects that do not have a systemic effect.