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94 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Define Pharmacology?
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the study of drugs & the interaction in the living system like the physical and chemical prop. that effects the body.
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What is the Therapeutic objective?
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maximum benefit with minimum harm.
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what are the 3 major properties of an ideal drug?
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Effectivess: elcits the intended response
Selectivity: produces only the response for which it is given. safety: doesn't produce harmful effect. |
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what is pharmokinetics
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how the body affects the drug.
-ADME Absorption, Distribution, metabolism, excretion |
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what is Pharmacodynamics
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how the drug affects the body.
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Administration
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IV,IM,Sub Q, oral
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What is HALF LIFE?
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time required for the drug to DEC by 50%. & determines the dosing interval and time b/w doses.
*Drugs with Sh. H Lives excreted quickly *Drugs with Long. H Lives excreted SLOWLY |
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what is the Dose response relationship?
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its the relationship b/w the size of dose and the intensity it produces. it can Inc or Dec.
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Receptors
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Drugs produce effects by interacting with the body's receptors.
Agonist: Mimic the action of the bodys natural responses (hormones and neurtransmitters) Antagonist: Blocks the action |
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Pharmacodynamic Tolerance
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Requires higher doses of a med to produce the desired effect.
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Metabolic Tolerance
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Inc doses of the drug
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What are the Five Rights in Nursing
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Rt.Drug
Rt.PT Rt.Dose Rt.Route Rt.Time |
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what is HEMOSTASIS and the 2 stages?
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Hemostasis is when bleeding is stopped fm a blood vessel injury.
The stages are PLATELET PLUG and COAGULATION. |
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COAGULATION
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to reinforce the platelet plug with fibrin
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PLASMIN
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Removal of CLOTS
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Process of ANTITHROMBIN
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to prevent the widespread of coagulation.
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Purpose ANTICOAGULANTS
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prevent new clots from happening, does not break it. and dec the prod. of FIBRIN & dec the growth of the present clot.
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IND of HEPARIN
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used for P.E.D.R.O
Pulomary Emb Evolving Stroke Deep Vein Thrombosis Renal Dialysis Open Heart Surgery |
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Adverse Effect of HEPARIN
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Triple H
Hemorrage Hypersensitivity Reaction Heparin IND -Thrombocytopenia |
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Drug Interaction with HEPARIN
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anything that may cause an INC in bleeding
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Protamine Sulfate
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an antidote for HEPARIN
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Nursing Consideration for HEPARIN
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check for Coag. time(aPTT)
-Normal 40 sec 1/2-2x 60-80 -Measure q 4-6hrs -adjust dose as needed -once therapeutic check q day -check for bleeding. |
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INDICATION for
ENXOAPARIN/ Lovenox |
-LM wt Heparin
-treatment or prevention of DVT,Pt on bed rest >5 days, immobile pts, post op surg for hip & knee. |
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ADVERSE EFFECT for
ENXOPARIN/Lovenox |
bleeding and Thrombocytopenia
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INDICATION for
WARFARIN/ Coumadin |
used for
-long term prophylaxis -P.A.V-MI *Pulmonary Emboli *Atrial Fib *Valve Repl * Red. risk of Recurrent MI |
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DRUG INTERACTION with
WARFARIN/ Coumadin |
meds dec effect of Coumadin
-seizeure meds, Oral Ctrp, foods with Vit k Med INC effects of Coumadin -ASA,Heparin,Anti-fungal,~antibiotics. |
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ANTIDOTE for Too much
WARFARIN/ Coumadin |
IM for Vit K which will DEC the effect of Coumadin
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ANTI-PLATELETS
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inhibit platelet aggregation and prevention of arterial thrombosis
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INDICATION
ASPIRIN (ASA) Anti-Platelet |
used to prevent MI and strokes
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ADVERSE EFFECT of
ASPIRIN (ASA) Anti-Platelet |
Upset GI, bleeding GI or hemorrhagic Stroke
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INDICATION
ADP Receptor Antagonist CLOPIDOGREL/ Plavix |
Prevent strokes and MI
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MOA
ADP Receptor Antagonist CLOPIDOGREL/ Plavix |
BLOCKS ADP receptors on platelets preventing aggregation-inactivates platelets. For pts that ca't take ASA takes this. More effective but more expensive & permanent
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Adverse Effect
ADP Receptor Antagonist CLOPIDOGREL/ Plavix |
same as ASA but less bleeding
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MOA
Glycoprotein Receptor Antagonist ABCIXIMAB/ ReoPro |
cause reversible blockage of platelet receptors, inhibits final step in platelet aggreg.
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INDICATION
Glycoprotein Receptor Antagonist ABCIXIMAB/ ReoPro |
acute short term use, IV only to prevent ischemic events in pts with acute coronary syndrom, coronary interventions. not use frequently
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Adverse Effect
Glycoprotein Receptor Antagonist ABCIXIMAB/ ReoPro |
bleeding
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Thrombolytics
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break up clots, for severe thrombic disease
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Thrombolytics-
MOA StreptokinASE |
An enzyme that converts plasminogen to plasmin which digests thrombi
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INDICATIONS FOR
StreptokinASE |
M.A.D.U
-Massive Pulmonary Emb -Acute MI -DVT -Unclot Vascular Catheters |
M.A.D.U
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Adverse Effect
StreptokinASE |
-bleeding
-intracranial hemorrhage -antibody production->allergic reaction |
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What do BETA BLOCKERS DO?
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Bloks Beta 1 Receptors N dec Sympathetic effects
-Dec HR -Dec force of Contraction -REDU. speeed of impulse conduction |
MEDS for CHF
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What do ACE INHIBITORS?
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-Blocks ezyme that coverts Ang 1 to Ang 2. Which causes
-Vasodilation -Dec BP -Prevent further damage to the hear and blood veseel |
MEDS FOR CHF
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What do Diuretics do?
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-INC renal excretion of H20, NA and E-lytes
-Inc Urine output -DEC fluid Overload=DEC Pulmonary N Peripheral Edema |
MED for CHF
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LOOP-LASIC and Thiazides
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DIRURETICS that
INC renal excretion of H20, NA and E-lytes -Inc Urine output -DEC fluid Overload=DEC Pulmonary N Peripheral Edema |
MEDS for CHF
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MOA
Alpha 2-Agonists |
-RED firing of Sympathetic Neurons
-Suppress sympathetic outflow to heart and blood Vessels -Dec Vasoconstriction -Dec BP |
Anti-hypertensive Meds
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CLONIDINE/ Catapress
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They are Alpha 2-Agonists meds
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Anti-hypertensive Meds
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MOA
ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKERS |
-Blocks the effects of Alpha 1 receptors
-Dec BP -> dilated Blood vessel -Dec Cardiac Output |
Anti-hypertensive Meds
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PRAZOSIN/ Minipress
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They are ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKERS
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Anti-hypertensive Meds
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MOA
Beta Adrenergic Blockers |
-Blocks Beta 1 receptors in heart, blocks sympathetic effects on heart
-BLocks Beta 1 receptor in Kidney causing DEC in RENIN -DEC HR -DEC force of contraction -DEC velocity of impulse Conduction |
Anti-hypertensive Meds
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DEF
MYOCARDINAL INFARCTION (MI) |
this happpens of poor blood flow to the heart and the cardiac tissue is destroyed
irreversible hypoxia cell death |
another name for heart attack
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What's in the Renal System?
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-ACE INHIBITORS
-ANGEOTENSIN 2 Receptors (ARB) -Diuretics |
D.A.A or A.A.D
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What's in the Nervous System?
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-Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB)
-Direct Acting Vasodilators -Sympatholytics-Beta-Alpha-Alpha 2 |
Ca.D.S
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Where are the Anti-hypetensive Sites of Action
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-Renal System
-Nervous System |
R.N
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What are the BP for Pre-HTN
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SBP of 120-139
DBP of 80-89 |
Cardio Vascual Drug 2/ HTN
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DEF of HYPERTENSION
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BP for Sys >/=120
BP for DS >/90 |
Normal BP 120/ 90
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MOA of
GEMFIBROZIL/ lopid |
-DEC Triglycerides levels
-INC HDL no effect on LDL's |
Cholesterol and LP
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MOA of
NIACIIN |
-DEC production of VLDL
-DEC LDL -INC HDL **not used a lot of because of the adverse effect |
Cholesterol and LP
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MOA of
QUESTROM, WELCHOL, CLOESTID |
-Prevent absorption of Bile Acid
-Bind w. Bile acids in GI Tract -Risk taking it with another med |
Cholesterol and LP
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MOA of
HMG CoA |
-Inhibtis REDUCTASE an enzyme in Cholesterol biosynthesis
-INC LDL receptors in liver -Removes LDL's from blood -DEC LDL = INC HDL |
Cholesterol and LP
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What is HDL and its MOA
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High Density Lipoproteins
-transports cholesterol from tissues back to the liver= Cholesterol Removal |
Cholesterol and LP
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What is LDL and its MOA
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Low Density Lipoproteins
-Transports Cholesterol to Tissues |
Cholesterol and LP
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What is VLDL and its MOA
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Very Low Density Lipoproteins
-Transports trigyercides to Tissues |
Cholesterol and LP
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What are LIPOPROTEINS and the 3 types?
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-Fucntions as carriers for transporting Lipids
-VLDL -LDL -HDL |
Cholesterol and LP
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what is CHOLESTEROL
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Componets of cell membranes, required for syntheis for hormones of Bile Salts
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Lipid-Lowering Agents
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MOA of
OPRELVEKIN/ Interleukin-11 |
-INC in Platelets
-stimulates production of Stem cells and MEGAKARYOTES |
Thrombopoietic Growth Factors
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MOA of
FILGRASTIM G-CSF/ Neupogen |
Given IV OR SQ
-acts on the cells in the bone marron to INC prod. of neutrophils and make the mature ones more effective. |
INC WBC
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MOA of
EPOETIN ALPHA/ Epogen, Procrit |
-stimulates the bone marrow to INC RBC
-Given IV , 3x's week |
INC RBC
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What is Angina?
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-Frquent chest pains, due to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA
-Lack of blood flow and oxy to the heart -usually happens 3-5min |
Heart Issues
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What are the 3 types of ANEMIA?
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-Folic Acid def. Anemia
-Iron def. Anemia -Vit B12 def. Anemia |
DEFIECIENCY of RBC
F.I.V |
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What causes ANEMIA?
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by blood loss, impaired production of RBC or INC destruction of RBC
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RBC Loss
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Production of RBC?
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Its regulated by oxy and hormone ERTHROPOEITIN (found in the KIDNEYS) which will INC the PRod in the BONE MARROW
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HORMONE and Bone MARROW
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What is the MOA of
NTG (NITROGLYCERIN)? |
acts directly on the VASCULAR Smooth muscle, veins and causing VASODILATION.
-DEC Venous return to the heart -DEC Ventricular filling -DEC Pre-Load -DEC Oxy demand |
Angina MEDS
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DRUG: Ferrous Sulfate
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The patient lacks of Iron
-Iron is needed for hemoglobin |
Iron Def. Anemia
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What is DEFUROXAMINE use
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Its use when there is too much IRON in the blood N this absorbs the IRON
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ANTIDOTE FOR IRON in the BLOOD
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CYANOCOBALAMIN is use for?
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Vit B 12 is needed for DNA SYNTHEIS for RBC MATURATION. This happens when the pt loss the intrinsic factor of absorbing it.
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Vit B12 DEF. Anemia
-Pernicious Anemia |
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CCB and Blood Vessels
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Calcium regualtes smooth muscle contraction.
-If blocked, smooth muscle contraction is prevented therefore it leads to vasodilation. |
Anti-hypertensive Meds
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MOA of
Calcium Channel Blockers? (CCB) |
Blocks entry of CA into Cells from the Blood Vessel and heart.
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Anti-hypertensive Meds
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MEDS that End in
"DIPINE" |
Are CCB, Potent VASODILATORS, NO EFFECT in the HEART
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Anti-hypertensive Meds
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What are the 2 types of VaSoDiLaToRs and its MOA?
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-Arterio
-Venous **its purpose to relax smooth muscle in blood vessels. |
Anti-hypertensive Meds
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What do ARTERIO DILATORS do?
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-DEC peripheral Vascular Resistance
-DEC Afterload -DEC Work of the heart -INC Cardiac Output -INC Tissue Perfusion |
Anti-hypertensive Meds
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What do Venous Dilators do?
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-DEC force when Blood is Returned to the Heart
-DEC Ventricular Filling -DEC PRELOAD -DEC force of CONTRACTION |
Anti-hypertensive Meds
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HYDRALIZINE/ Apresoline
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Venous Dilator MEd
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Anti-hypertensive Meds
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MEDS that end with "PRIL"?
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are ACE INHIBITORS
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BENAZEPRIL,CATAOPRIL,
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MEDS that end with "SARTAN"
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are(Angiotensin 2 Receptor Blockers) ARB's MEDS
-Vasodilation -DEC Blood Volume -Rev. Pathological changes in the Heart |
LOSARTAN, VALSARTAN
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4 types of of DIURECTICS?
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High Ceiling LOOP
OSMOTIC THIAZIDES POTASSSIUM SPARING |
Anti-hypertensive Meds
H.O.T. PS. |
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What are the NEUROTransmittors of the PNS?
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Acetylcholine ACH, NoreEpinePhrine, Dopamine and Epinephrine
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A.N.D.E
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What are the Receptors in the PNS?
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Cholinergic and Adrenergic
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C.A
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Which receptor in the PNS responds to Epinephrine and NP?
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Adrenergic
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Which receptor in the PNS responds to Acetylcholine (ACH)?
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Cholinergic
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What are the subtypes receptors for Adrenergic?
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Alpha 1 and 2 and Beta 1 and 2
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What are the Function of the ALPHA 1 receptors in the Adrenergic?
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-Dilation of the Iris
-Vasoconstriction -Bladde Contraction -Ejaculation |
Di.V & Bc. E
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Where are the Beta 1 receptor located?
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in the Cardiac Region and Kidney region
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K.C
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What are the functions of the Beta 1 receptor in the Heart?
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-INC HR
-INC CONTRACTION -INC Velocity of Impulse in the AV Node |
Same for anti-hypertensive Meds!
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What are the functions of the Beta 1 receptor in the Kidney?
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-Release of RENIN
-INC Vasoconstriction |
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