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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How does V/Q mismatch effect induction?
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Slows down
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Which induction medications does V/Q mismatch effect more?
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Effects the fast ones more (the more insoluble)
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How does increased CO effect the speed of induction?
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Slows down
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Which induction medications does increased CO effect more?
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The slow ones (more soluble)
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How much of sevo is metabolized?
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5-7%
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Pharmaceutics
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the formulation and preparation of drugs
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Pharmacognosy
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the study of the medicinal uses of naturally occurring compounds
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Pharmacodynamics
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Physiological and biochemical mechanism of action of dugs
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What kind of binding does asprin do?
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noncompetitive (non reversible)
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What are the chemical bonds strongest to weakest?
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Covalent
Ionic Hydrogen Hydrophobic van der Waals |
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What are 4 things you can ascertain from a drug dose response curve?
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Affinity (potency)
Efficacy Variability Slope |
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Define up regulation
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Increase of receptors due to chronic use of antagonist
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Define down regulation
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Down regulation is from chronic agonist administration
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What is potentiation?
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1 + 0 = 3
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what is antagonism?
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1 + 1 = 0
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what is synergism?
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1 + 1 = 3
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What is ionization?
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the degree of water solubility
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what is non-ionized?
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the degree of lipid solubility
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What is enzyme induction?
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an increase in drug metabolizing enyzmes, faster metabolism
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What is enzyme inhibition?
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a decrease in drug metobolizing enyzmes, slower metbolism
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Neurotransmitters
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How are MAC and O/G solubility related?
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Inversely proportional
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What is diffusion hypoxia?
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When N2O rapidly diffuses into the lungs causing dilution of O2
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What are some differences in pediatrics and adults related to induction?
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- Sleep faster (breath faster)
- Higher MAC used - Use Sevo primarily |
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What are some anesthesia effects during pregnancy?
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- increased CO = SLows anesthesia
- Increased RR = Speeds anesthesia |
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What are some anesthesia effects of obesity?
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Same induction slower emergence
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How does hypothermia effect anesthesia?
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Slower emergence
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How does increased Cardiac Output effect induction?
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- Delayed due to prevention of rise in alveolar concentration
- The more soluble the anesthetic the longer the induction |
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What is the calculation for therapeautic window?
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LD50/ED50
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What are the pH's of different body systems?
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● Gastric Juices 1-3 pH → Small Intestines 5-6 pH → Ileum 8 → Large Intestine 8 → Blood 7.4 pH → CSF 7.3 → Urine 4-8 pH.
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What does O/G coefficient mean?
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The more lipid-soluble (or INSOLUBLE) the gas anesthetic is the more POTENT it is.
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Pre-synaptic parasympathetic neurotransmitter
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ACH
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Post-synaptic parasympathetic neurotransmitter
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ACH
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Pre-synaptic parasympathetic receptor
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Nicotinic cholinergic
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Post-synaptic parasympathetic receptor
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Muscarinic cholinergic
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Pre-synaptic sympathetic neurotransmitter
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ACH
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Presynaptic sympathetic receptor
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Nicotinic cholinergic
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Post-synaptic sympathetic receptor
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Adrenergic
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Post-synaptic sympathetic neurotransmitter
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NE
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