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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam) - Indication |
1st line acute for Generalized Status Epilepitcus (lorzepam preferred) |
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Carbamazepine - Indication
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1st line Simple Partial (Focal), Complex Partial (Focal) and Generalized Tonic-Clonic
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Ethosuximide - Indication
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1st line Generalized Absence (lamotrigine also recently 1st line for this)
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Gabapentin - Indication
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Simple Partial (Focal), Complex Partial (Focal), Generalized Tonic-Clonic (Also used for peripheral neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, migraine prophylaxis, bipolar disorder)
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Lamotrigine - Indication
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Simple Partial (Focal), Complex Partial (Focal), Generalized Tonic-Clonic, Generalized Absence
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Levetiracetam - Indication
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Simple Partial (Focal), Complex Partial (Focal), Generalized Tonic-Clonic |
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Phenobarbital - Indication
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Simple Partial (Focal), Complex Partial (Focal), Generalized Tonic-Clonic; 1st line in neonates.
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Phenytoin - Indication
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1st line, Generalized Tonic-Clonic, 1st line prophylaxis in Generalized Status Epilepiticus; also Simple Partial (Focal), Complex Partial (Focal). Fosphenytoin for parenteral use in status.
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Tiagabine - Indication
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Simple Partial (Focal), Complex Partial (Focal). Adjunctive thereapy for partial seizures.
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Topiramate - Indication
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Simple Partial (Focal), Complex Partial (Focal), Generalized Tonic-Clonic. Also used for migraine prevention.
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Valproic acid - Indication
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1st line, Generalized Tonic-Clonic. Generalized Absence, Simple Partial (Focal), Complex Partial (Focal). Also used for myoclonic seizures, bipolar disorder.
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Vigabatrin - Indication
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Adjunctive for refractory complex seizures, monotherapy for infantile spasms.
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Benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam) - Mechanism
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Increases GABA(A) action
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Carbamazepine - Mechanism
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Increases Na+ channel inactivation
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Ethosuximide - Mechanism
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Blocks thalamic T-type Ca2+ channels
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Gabapentin - Mechanism
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Primarily inhibits high- voltage-activated Ca++ channels; designed as GABA analog |
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Lamotrigine - Mechanism
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Blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels
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Levetiracetam - Mechanism
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Unknown; may modulate GABA and glutamate release
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Phenobarbital - Mechanism
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Increases GABA(A) action
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Phenytoin - Mechanism
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Increases Na+ channel inactivation; zero-order kinetics
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Tiagabine - Mechanism
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Increases GABA by inhibiting re-uptake
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Topiramate - Mechanism
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Blocks Na+ channels, Increases GABA action
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Valproic acid - Mechanism
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Increases Na+ channel inactivation, Increase GABA concentration by inhibiting GABA transaminase
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Vigabatrin - Mechanism
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Increases GABA by irreversibly inhibiting GABA transaminase
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Benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam) - Side Effect
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Sedation, tolerance, dependence, respiratory depression. Also for eclampsia seizures, but 1st line is MgS04.
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Carbamazepine - Side Effect
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Diplopia, ataxia, blood dyscrasias (agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia), liver toxicity, teratogenesis, induction of cytochrome P-450, SIADH, Stevens-Johnson syndrome. lst line for trigeminal neuralgia
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Ethosuximide - Side Effect
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GI, fatigue, headache, urticaria, Steven-Johnson syndrome. (Use the mnemonic EFGHIJ: Ethosuximide causes Fatigue, GI distress, Headache, Itching, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome) |
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Gabapentin - Side Effect
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Sedation, ataxia,
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Lamotrigine - Side Effect
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Stevens-Johnson syndrome (must be titrated slowly)
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Levetiracetam - Side Effect
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Irritability, somnolence, dizziness
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Phenobarbital - Side Effect
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Sedation tolerance, dependence, induction of cytochrome P-450, cardiorespiratory depression.
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Phenytoin - Side Effect
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Nystagmus, diplopia, ataxia, sedation, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, peripheral neuropathy, megaloblastic anemia, teratogenesis (fetal hydantoin syndrome) SLE-like syndrome, induction of cytochrome P-450, lymphadenopathy, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, osteopenia.
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Tiagabine - Side Effect
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Dizziness, asthenia, tremor
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Topiramate - Side Effect
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Sedation, mental dulling, kidney stones, weight loss. |
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Valproic acid - Side Effect
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GI distress, rare but fatal hepatotoxicity (measure LFTs), neural tube defects in fetus (spinbifida), tremor, weight gain, alopecia. Contraindicated in pregnancy. |
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Vigabatrin - Side Effect
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Visual loss (irreversible, bilateral concentric visual field constriction in up to 30%), headache, somnolence fatigue, depression
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